Pearson Edexcel GCSE (9–1) Mathematics Paper 1 (Non-Calculator) Foundation Tier - May 2024

Key mathematical vocabulary, concepts, definitions, and diagram recognition derived from the Pearson Edexcel GCSE Foundation Tier Mathematics Paper 1 (Non-Calculator) examination.

Reflex Angle

An angle that is greater than $180^\circ$ and less than $360^\circ$.

Square Root

A number that produces a specified quantity when multiplied by itself (for example, $\sqrt{64} = 8$ because $8 \times 8 = 64$).

Angles at a Point

A geometric rule stating that the sum of all angles meeting at a single point is equal to $360^\circ$.

Simplest Form of a Ratio

A ratio written with the smallest possible whole numbers by dividing each term by their highest common factor (for example, a ratio of $24$ cows to $36$ sheep simplifies to $2:3$).

Perimeter

The total distance around the edge or boundary of a two-dimensional shape.

Stem and Leaf Diagram

A statistical chart that displays numerical data by splitting each data point into a 'stem' (the first digit or digits) and a 'leaf' (the last digit).

Median

The middle value in a set of ordered numerical data, dividing the higher half from the lower half.

Range

The numerical difference between the highest value and the lowest value in a data set.

Zero Index Rule

A rule of powers stating that any non-zero number raised to the power of zero is equal to $1$ (for example, $10^0 = 1$).

Arithmetic Sequence

A sequence of numbers with a constant difference between consecutive terms (for example, $1, 5, 9, 13$ with a common difference of $4$).

$n^{\text{th}}$ Term

An algebraic formula written in terms of $n$ that gives the value of a term at any position $n$ in a sequence.

Complement of a Set ($P'$)

The set of all elements in the universal set ($\mathscr{E}$) that do not belong to set $P$.

Union of Sets ($P \cup Q$)

The set containing all elements that belong to set $P$, set $Q$, or both.

Parallel Lines (Coordinate Geometry)

Straight lines that lie in the same plane and never meet because they have the exact same gradient ($m$).

Reverse Percentage

A technique used to determine the original value of an amount before a percentage increase or decrease occurred (such as calculating the original price when given a sale price reduced by $30\%$).

Linear Inequality

A mathematical relationship that compares expressions using inequality signs such as $\le$, $\ge$, $<$, or $>$ rather than an equals sign.