Redox Titrations of Organic Compounds

Standard Solution

A solution of accurately known concentration

Primary Standard

- substance used to make a standard solution
- pure that its amount, in moles, can be accurately determined from its mass.

Distillation

technique used for separating two or more liquids that have different boiling points

Distillate

the vapour cooled to below its boiling point and condensed back to a liquid, collected in the beaker

Fractional distillation

- used to separate liqui with boiling points close together
- commonly used to separate volatile liquids from a reaction mixture

Volatile liquid

vaporises easily at low temperature

How does fractional distillation work

- repeated evaporation + condensation, vapour becomes becomes richer in the most volatile component.
- Distillate is collected near the desired compound’s boiling point.

sharp melting point

small/narrow difference between the temperature when sample begins to melt and completely melts

melting point comparison

sharp for pure organic substances, not sharp for mixture of two or more organic compounds