Westward Expansion, Native American History, Spanish-American War Exam

Homestead Act of 1862

Offered 160 acres of public land for five years of farming.

Oklahoma Land Rush of 1889

50,000 people rushed to claim two million acres of land in Oklahoma.

Boomers vs. Sooners

Boomers arrived on time; Sooners entered early to illegally claim land.

Transcontinental Railroad

Connected the Eastern and Western United States between 1863 and 1869.

Pacific Railroad Act of 1862

Granted railroad companies 10 miles of land on each side for every track laid.

Comstock Lode

One of the largest silver mines ever discovered, found in Nevada in 1859.

Chisholm Trail

Post-Civil War trail used to drive cattle from Texas ranches to Kansas railheads.

Barbed Wire

Invention by Joseph Glidden that effectively ended the open-range cattle drive era.

Four Phases of US Indian Policy

Negotiation, Relocation, Assimilation, and Retribution.

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Law signed by Andrew Jackson that forced Native Americans west of the Mississippi to oklahoma

Trail of Tears

The 1838 forced journey of 16,000 Cherokee people, resulting in thousands of deaths.

Significance of the Buffalo

Plains Indians relied on them; the US targeted them to destroy the Native food source.

Sand Creek Massacre (1864)

US troops under John Chivington killed over 230 Cheyenne and Arapaho, mostly women and children.

Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868

Established the Great Sioux Reservation and granted the Lakota ownership of the Black Hills. U.S. got Bozeman trail and Montana Gold Feilds.

Battle of Little Bighorn (1876)

Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho warriors annihilated General Custer and the Seventh Cavalry in Montana. Natives Won

Chief Joseph

Nez Perce leader who surrendered in 1877 stating, 'I will fight no more forever.'

Ghost Dance

A movement promising the return of buffalo and removal of white settlers through sacred dances. Created by Wovoka

Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)

US soldiers killed about 300 Sioux at Wounded Knee Creek, effectively ending the Indian Wars.

Carlisle Indian School

A Pennsylvania school designed to assimilate Native American children by erasing their native culture.

Dawes Act of 1887

Broke up tribal reservations into individual plots to force Native American assimilation.

Purchase of Alaska

Bought from Russia in 1867 by William Seward for $7.2 million, initially mocked as 'Seward's Folly.'

Annexation of Hawaii

Overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani by American sugar planters, leading to U.S. annexation in 1898.

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

The first significant U.S. law restricting immigration, specifically banning Chinese laborers.

Yellow Journalism

Exaggerated and sensationalized newspaper reporting by Pulitzer and Hearst that fueled support for the Spanish-American War.

U.S.S. Maine

American battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor in 1898, serving as a major catalyst for the Spanish-American War.

Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders

A volunteer cavalry unit that achieved fame by charging up San Juan Hill during the Spanish-American War.

Treaty of Paris (1898)

Ended the Spanish-American War and gave the U.S. control of Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines.

Mark Twain and Anti-Imperialism

Expressed strong opposition to American imperialism, stating he was opposed to having the eagle put its talons on any other land.

Walter Reed and William C. Gorgas

Studied Yellow Fever in Cuba and devised a plan to drain standing water, nearly eliminating the disease within six months.

French Panama Canal Attempt

Attempted to dig a canal from 1879 to 1888, failing due to high costs and thousands of deaths from malaria and yellow fever.

Panama Independence (1903)

The U.S. supported Panama's successful bid for independence from Colombia in exchange for rights to build a trans-isthmian canal.

Panama Canal Construction Stages

Constructed from 1904 to 1914 under Teddy Roosevelt's order to 'Make the Dirt Fly,' involving massive excavation, lock building, and disease eradication.

Gold and Silver Workers

Workers on the Panama Canal were segregated; skilled white workers ('Gold') were paid in gold, while mostly Black laborers ('Silver') were paid in silver.

Teddy Roosevelt's Visit to Panama (1906)

Made history by becoming the first sitting U.S. President to leave the country while in office to visit the Panama Canal construction site.

Completion and Transfer of the Panama Canal

The canal officially opened in 1914 and was later returned to Panamanian control by the U.S. in 1999.

Spanish Governor of Cuba known as the Butcher

Valeriano Weyler

As of 1890, all of the following were challenges when living on the prairie, EXCEPT

Bufallo

The impact of the transcontinental railroad was:

all of the above

Each of these was a boomtown of the Old West, EXCEPT

San Luis Obispo

All of the following are part of the transcontinental railroad, EXCEPT

Billy Kidd

All of the following people were part of the building of the transcontinental railroad, EXCEPT:  

Russians

What brought an end to the cattle drives of the Old West?

barbed wire fences

All of the following had to do with the Cattle Ranching Boom of the late 1800s, EXCEPT:

Union Trail

Homesteaders usually failed for all of the following reasons,

Cold winters, droughts, lack of lumber, locusts

The first transcontinental railroad had 2 companies working to complete the project.  They were:

the Union Pacific working from east to west and the Central Pacific Railway working from west to east

Which of the following was NOT a lawman of the old West?

William Bonney

The United States helped Panama gain independence from which country in order to build the Canal?

Columbia

Which country was imperialist first?

spain

What was the main group of people pushing to annex Hawaii as part of the United States?

sugarcane planters

Which of the following was the "spark" providing justification for the US to declare war on Spain?

the explosions of the USS Maine

According to the Teller Amendment, what was the purpose of the Spanish-American War?

To free Cuba from Spanish tyranny

The Spanish-American War created American heroes.  Teddy Roosevelt became the hero from the fighting in_________,     While George Dewey became the hero from the fighting in ___________.

Cuba; the Philippines

America went to war against Spain in 1898 for all of the following reasons EXCEPT...

President McKinley’s desire for a war in order to gain land.

What was one of the main problems faced by US Soldiers while fighting in Cuba?

Soldiers suffered from yellow fever and malaria

This Filipino Nationalist was our ally against the Spanish but then led the fight against America in the Filipino-American War?

Emilio Aguinaldo

Which of these was not a territory gained as part of the Spanish-American War?

Panama

Which country sold Alaska to the United States?

russia

"A policy of extending a country’s power and influence, sometimes by force” is

Imperialism

Who had control of the Rough Riders in Cuba?

Teddy Rosevelts

Who would have been most likely to have said the quote "And so, I am an Anti-imperialist.  I am opposed to having the eagle put its talons on any other land.” ?

Mark Twain

Which result of the Spanish-American War caused the greatest problem for the United States between 1899-1902?

the acquiring of the Philippines