GLOBALIZATION (SOCPRO)

GLOBALIZATION

is the process through which countries, businesses, organizations, and people become increasingly interconnected and interdependent through trade, communication, transportation, technology, culture, politics, and the exchange of ideas.

GLOBALIZATION

MEANS THE WORLD IS BECOMING MORE CONNECTED.

Anthony Giddens

“The intensification of worldwide social relations linking distant localities”

Thomas Friedman

“The world is becoming flat”

Roland Robertson

“The compression of the world and the intensification of the consciousness of the world as a whole”

Manfred Steger

“The expansion and intensification on social relations across world-time and world-space.”

INTERCONNECTEDNESS

Countries depend on one another.

INTEGRATION

ECONOMIES BECOME LINKED

TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT

• INTERNET

• AI

• ONLINE BANKING

• CLOUD COMPUTING

CULTURAL EXCHANGE

• FOODS

• FASHION

• MUSIC

• LANGUAGES

• MOVIES

ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION

COUNTRIES TRADE MORE FREELY

FASTER COMMUNICATION

• EMAIL

• MESSENGER

• ZOOM

• GOOGLE MEET

MOBILITY

• PEOPLE TRAVEL MORE EASILY

• STUDENTS STUDY ABROAD

• WORKER MIGRATE

1 STAGE: ANCIENT TRADE

• SILK ROAD

• INDIAN OCEAN TRADE

• SILKS, SPICES, RELIGION, IDEAS, TECHNOLOGY

2 STAGE: Age of Exploration (1400s – 1700s)

• European explorers

• Christopher Columbus

• Ferdinand Magellan

• Expansion of trade

3 STAGE: Industrial Revolution (1700s – 1800s)

• Machines

• Factories

• Steamships

• Railroads

• Mass production

4 STAGE: Modern Globalization (1900s)

• Telephone

• Airplanes

• International organizations: United Nations, International Monetary Fund, World Bank

5 STAGE: Digital Globalization (2000s – present)

• Internet

• Artificial Intelligence

• Cloud Computing

• Social Media

• Remote Work

• E-commerce

ECONOMIC

• INCREASE IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE

• FOREIGN INVESTMENTS

• MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES

TECHNOLOGICAL

• INTERNET USERS

• SMARTPHONES

• ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

• ONLINE LEARNING

POLITICAL

• INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION

• CLIMATE AGREEMENT

• CLIMATE COOPERATION

CULTURAL

• K-POP

• NETFLIX

• ANIME

• HOLLYWOOD

• INTERNATIONAL TOURISM

SOCIAL

• MIGRATION

• FOREIGN WORKERS

• INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

INTERCONNECTEDNESS, INTEGRATION, TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT, CULTURAL EXCHANGE, ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION, FASTER COMMUNICATION, MOBILITY

CHARACTERISTICS OF GLOBALIZATION

ANCIENT TRADE, AGE OF EXPLORATION, INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION, MODERN GLOBALIZATION, DIGITAL GLOBALIZATION

HISTORICAL FOUNDATION OF GLOBALIZATION

ECONOMIC, TECHNOLOGICAL, POLITICAL, CULTURAL, SOCIAL

INDICATORS OF GLOBALIZATION