Manual Skills: Normal Biochemical Values and Clinical Significance

Lab reference values for serum proteins, lipogram, electrolytes, metabolic markers, and select enzyme activities based on clinical biochemistry notes.

Total serum protein

$$65-85\,g/l$$

Albumins (Proteinogramm)

$$53-62\%$$

$\alpha$-globulins

$$2,7-5,1\%$$

$\alpha_2$-globulins

$$7,4-10\%$$

$\beta$-globulins

$$11-15\%$$

$\gamma$-globulins

$$15-21,4\%$$

Total lipids

$$4-8\,g/l$$

Total cholesterol

$4-6,5\,mmol/l$ (recommended level $\leq 5,2\,mmol/l$)

HDL-cholesterol

$$>1,2\,mmol/l$$

LDL-cholesterol

$$<3,4\,mmol/l$$

Calculation of Atherogenic coefficient

$$\frac{\text{Total cholesterol} - \text{HDL cholesterol}}{\text{HDL cholestarol}}$$

Atherogenic coefficient value

$$2-3\,U$$

TAGS

$$0,55-1,65\,mmol/l$$

Chylomicrons

$$0,1-0,4\,g/l$$

VLDL (very low density lipoproteins)

$$0,8-1,5\,g/l$$

LDL (low density lipoproteins)

$$3-4,5\,g/l$$

HDL (High density lipoproteins)

$$1,25-4,25\,g/l$$

Jg G

$$8,1-18\,g/l$$

Jg M

$$0,6-2,8\,g/l$$

Jg A

$$0,8-4,0\,g/l$$

Total Ca (Item 9)

$$2,3-2,7\,mmol/l$$

Na (Item 10)

$$130,5-156,6\,mmol/l$$

K (Item 11)

$$3,4-5,3\,mmol/l$$

Ca total (Item 12)

$$2.25-3.0\,mmol/l$$

Na (Item 13)

$$130-157\,mmol/l$$

K (Item 14)

$$3.5-5.5\,mmol/l$$

Bilirubin total

$$8.5-20.5\,\text{mcmol/l}$$

Urea

$$2.5-8.3\,mmol/l$$

Uric acid

$$0.12-0.4\,mmol/l$$

Creatinine

$$60-132\,\text{mcmol/l}$$

Hemoglobin

$$130-160\,g/l$$

HbA1c

$4-6\%$ of total HbA

Glucose

$$3.33-5.55\,mmol/l$$

Glucose threshold

$$8-10\,mmol/l$$

AlAT activity

$0.028-0.196\,\text{mcmol/l} \times \text{sec}$ ($7-40\,U$)

ASAT activity

$0.028-0.139\,\text{mcmol/l} \times \text{sec}$ ($10-20\,U$)

De Rithis coefficient

$$1.33$$

alfa-amilase (blood)

$$10-40\,U$$

$\alpha$-amylase activity in urine

$$120\,\text{mg/h} \times \text{ml}$$

Urea in urine

$$20-35\,g/\text{day}$$

Uric acid in urine

$$3.7-4.7\,mmol/\text{day}$$