Health Psychology Exam 4

What are the risk factors associated with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?

Some risk factors for CHD are high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, lack of exercise, obesity, etc.

What is the prevalence of CHD?

African Americans have the highest mortality rate from CHD

CHD occurs later in life for women but is more deadly

What are the treatments for CHD?

Cardiac Rehabilitation - intervention program that focuses on relieving symptoms and reduce the severity and progression the disease

Medications - Beta Blockers, Statins, Asprin

What is Metabolic Syndrome?

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of three or more of the following (Visceral Obesity, Low HDL Cholesterol (good), High Triglycerides, Hypertension, Insulin Resistance) that increase risk for Heart Attacks

What are the personal qualities of agency, communion, and unmitigated communion and how they relate to heart health?

Agency - focus on self (associated with positive health)

Communion - focus on others (not strongly related to health outcomes)

Unmitigated Communion - extreme focus on others to the exclusion of self (associated with poor health)

How do anger, hostility, and depression impact CHD?

Anger, Hostility, and Depression all increase the risk of heart disease and CHD

What is Hypertension?

Hypertension is when the supply of blood through the blood vessels is excessive, which puts pressure on the vessel walls

Why is Hypertension referred to as the hidden disease?

Hypertension is referred to as the hidden disease because there are no symptoms, so people often are unaware they have it

What is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

Systolic blood pressure measures the pressure of blood when the heart contracts and pushes blood out

Diastolic blood pressure measures the pressure when the heart relaxes and fills with blood between beats

What is a Stroke?

A stroke is a disturbance in blood flow to the brain

What are the warning signs of a Stroke?

sudden numbness/weakness in the face, arm, leg | sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding | trouble with vision, balance, coordination | sudden, severe headache

What are the consequences of a Stroke?

Motor impairments on one side of the body, Dysphasia (trouble swallowing), Aphasia (communication disorder), Difficulty with depth perception, Hemineglect (spatial neglect), Vascular Dementia (problems with reasoning, judgement, planning, and memory)

What is Type 2 Diabetes and what are the symptoms?

Type 2 Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose, Symptoms - frequent urination, increased thirst, dry mouth, fatigue, slow healing of wounds, intense itching, blurred vision

What are the consequences and treatments of Type 2 Diabetes?

Consequences - high risk of CHD, kidney failure, blindness, nervous system damage, cognitive difficulties, Alzheimer’s, difficulties with sexual functioning, shortened life expectancy

Treatments - Education, Medicine, Insulin Therapy, Dietary Intervention, Exercise regiment, social support

What is Psychoneuroimmunology?

Psychoneuroimmunology is the connections between behavioral, neuroendocrine, and immunological processes

What are autoimmune disorders?

Autoimmune disorders are when the immune system falsely identifies body tissues as invaders and attacks them (Type 1 Diabetes, Grave’s Disease, Hepatitis, Lupus, Multiple Sclerosis)

What is the prevalence of autoimmune disorders in women and men?

Women are more vulnerable to autoimmune disorders (80% of those with autoimmune disorders are women)

How does stress impact immune system functioning, and what are some buffers/protection against it?

Stress impacts immune system functioning by causing an increase in inflammatory responses within the body and increases vulnerability to infectious diseases

Protection - social support, optimism, relaxation

What are the causes, transmissions, and treatments for HIV?

HIV is caused by the Retrovirus and is transmitted through bodily fluids, especially semen and blood

Treatments - Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) combination of medications that aims to slow the spread of the virus in which pills must be taken daily

What are the stages of infection for HIV?

Acute Infection - lasts about 2 weeks, HIV grows rapidly spreading throughout the body, symptoms are mild and include fever, fatigue, soreness, swollen glands, diarrhea

Chronic Infection - long asymptomatic period, virus goes into hiding, kills helper T-cells, leaving the body vulnerable

AIDS

What is the difference between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis?

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) - immune system attacks the membranes surrounding the joints

Osteoarthritis - cartilage of a joint begins to crack and wear away

What is the prevalence and treatments for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis?

Prevalance - leading cause of disability that affects 54 million Americans, Women more likely to be affected, Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis

Treatments - Medications (asprin, steroids, antirheumatic drugs), Physical Activity, Weight Reduction

What is Type 1 Diabetes and what are the symptoms?

Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the immune system attacks cells in the pancreas, which inhibits the production of insulin

Symptoms - frequent urination, unusual thirst & excessive drinking, food cravings (sugar), weight loss, fatigue

What is the prevalence and treatments of Type 1 Diabetes

Usually develops early in life (between 5-6 or 10-13) and accounts for 5% of diabetes patients

Treatments - direct injections of insulin, monitor blood glucose levels, regular injections, exercise

How is obesity likely to be a health concern in the future?

Obesity is likely to be a health concern because more and more people are become obese

How is an aging population likely to be a health concern in the future?

An aging population is likely to be a health concern because it leads to a greater amount of older people that need healthcare

How is technology increasingly being used in the healthcare field?

Internet, Apps, Telemedicine, and Robots all allow for everyone to have easier access to healthcare

What are the 3 major problems with health care services?

Healthcare costs too much, Healthcare system is inequitable, many use Healthcare services inappropriately

What is the Comprehensive Intervention Model?

The Comprehensive Intervention Model is a model of treatment hat includes both medical and psychological expertise in a treatment plan for the patient