Rad Pro CH 7 book part 2 anatomy

what are the two bones of the leg?

tibia and fibula

2nd largest bone of the body is

tibia

what bone is weight bearing?

tibia

which leg bone is situated on the medial side?

tibia

where is the fibula located in relation to the tibia ?

slightly posterior and lateral

does the fibula bear ANY weight?

NO NO NO

the tibia consists of

1 body

2 expanded extremities

the proximal end of the tibia has 2 prominent _____

processes

list the 2 prominent processes of the of the prox tibia

medial and lateral condyles

Tibia

what do the superior surfaces of the condyles form?

smooth facets for articulation with the condyles of the femur

what are the tibial plateaus? (def)

flat-like superior surfaces on the condyles

how do the tibial plateus slope? (ant or post? how many degrees?)

posterior

10-20 degrees

tibia

intercondylar eminence definition

sharp projection between 2 articular surfaces

what does the intercondylar eminence terminate into?

medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles

tibia

medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles are described as

2 peak like processes

the lateral condyle has a ______ at its distal posterior surface for articulation with the ___________________

facet

head of fibula

where is the tibial tuberosity / how is it described?

anterior surface of tibia below condyles

prominent process

what attaches to the tibial tuberosity?

ligamentum patellae

tibia

what is the anterior crest & location?

along anterior surface of tibial body beginning at tuberosity

sharp ridge

how is the distal end of the tibia described?

BROAD

what is the medial malleolus?

large process on prolonged medial aspect of tibia

anterolateral surface of medial malleolus contains what?

anterior tubercle

tibia anterior tubercle overlays the ______

fibula

the lateral surface of distal tibia is ____ and contains _____ and articulates with -____

flattened

triangular fibular notch

fibula

describe the surface under the distal tibia

smooth and shaped for articulation with the talus

the fibula is _____ compared with its length

SLENDER

the fibula consists of

1 body

2 articular extremities

prox end of fibula is ____________

expanded into a head

the head of the fibula articulates with

lateral condyle of the tibia

what is the apex of the fibula, and describe location?

conic projection at lateroposterior aspect of head of fibula

what is lateral malleolus ?

enlarged distal end of fibula

describe the lateral malleolus shape

pyramidal

several depressions at inferior and posterior surfaces

how does the lateral malleolus lie in relation to medial malleolus?

15-20 degrees more posterior to medial malleolus

the femur is the - adjectives

longest strongest heaviest bone of body

the femur consists of

1 body

2 articular extremities

describe the femur body

cylindric

slightly CONVEX anteriorly

slants medially 5-15 degrees

what does the slant of the femur depend on?

breadth of pelvic girdle

when the femur is vertical the medial condyle is . . .

LOWER than lateral condyle

what is the degree difference between femur condyles?

5-7 degrees

what do you need to remember because of the 5-7 degree difference between the femur condyles when taking a lateral radiograph?

the central ray will be angled 5-7 degrees CEPHALAD

why is the central ray angled 5-7 degrees cephalad when taking a lateral radiograph of knee?

to open the knee joint space

the prox portion of femur articulates with . . .

acetabulum of hip BONE to form hip JOINT

list the prominent features of the prox femur

head

femoral neck

trochanters

the femur head is ____ and articulates with ______

rounded

acetabulum of pelvis to form ball and socket hip joint

what does the femur head feature ?

small depression at its center

what is the fovea capitis?

small depression at center of femur head

fovea capitis serves as a

attachment point for ligamentum teres artery

the neck of the femur _____ or _____ relative to the body of the femur

anteverted

anteriorly rotated

angulation of femur neck is

anterior 15 degrees

the trochanters are slightly _____

posterior

the greater trochanter is ________ (think of how it lays describe position)

posterolateral

the lesser trochanter is ________ (think of how it lays describe position)

posteromedial

when the femur is internally rotated to position the neck parallel to the IR plane what is seen in profile?

greater trochanter

when the femur is internally rotated to position the neck parallel to the IR plane what is superimposed?

lesser trochanter by the body

the distal end of the femur is ____ and has _____

broadened

two large eminences

what are the two large eminences on the distal end of the femur

larger medial condyle

smaller lateral condyle

distal end of femur

anteriorly the condyles are separated by

patellar surface or trochlear groove

what is the patellar surface/trochlear groove? (adjectives)

shallow triangular depression

the deepest portion of patella surface/trochlear groove is referred to as . . .

intercondylar sulcus

distal femur

posteriorly the condyles are separated by

intercondylar fossa

intercondylar fossa is a ____ ____

deep depression

what forms the lateral and medial epicondyles of the femur?

slight prominence above and within the curve of each condyle

the medial condyle contains the

adductor tubercle

the adductor tubercle of the femur is located on the

posterolateral aspect

what is the adductor tubercle of the femur?

raised bony area that receives tendon of adductor muscle

the adductor tubercle is __________ on lateral knee x rays

IMPORTANT TO IDENTIFY

why is the adductor tubercle important to identify on lateral knee x rays?

assists in identifying overrotation or underrotation

what is the popliteal surface?

triangular area superior to intercondylar fossa on posterior femur

what passes through the popliteal surface?

popliteal blood vessels and nerves

the posterior area of the knee between condyles contains . . .

sesamoid bone in 3-5% of people

the sesamoid in 3-5% of people is called

fabella

what projection shows the fabella?

lateral knee

the patella is the

knee cap

describe the patella- shape and how it is situated

largest most constant sesamoid bone in body

flate triangular

distal anterior surface of femur

where does the patella develop? what age does it develop?

tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle

3-5 years of age

apex/tip of patella is directed

INFERIORLY

lies 0.5 inch above joint space of knee

what is the apex of the patella attached?

tuberosity of tibia of patellar ligament

what is the base of the patella?

SUPERIOR border of patella

vertical ridge of patella

posterior surface

how is the relationship between the intercondylar sulcus and the median point of the vertical ridge assessed?

tangential projection of patellofemoral joint

one of the most complex joints in the body

knee joint

____ ____ _____ _____ are held together by a complex group of ligaments

femur

tibia

patella

fibula

the knee ligaments work together to . . .

provide stability for knee joint

do x rays demonstrate knee ligaments?

NO NO NO

but you need ot understand the positions and relationships to image

do many patients with knee injuries have fractures?

NO NO NO

but they may have torn ligaments causing pain and shifting bones

list the important ligaments of the knee

posterior cruciate ligament

anterior cruciate ligament

tibial collateral ligament

fibular collateral ligament

how many fibrocartilage disks are in the knee?

2

what are the fibrocartilage disks in the knee? list them

lateral meniscus

medial meniscus

the circular menisci lie on the

tibial plateaus

the circular menisci are (describe them)

thick on outer margin of joint and taper off toward center of tibial plateau

the center of the tibial plateau contains

cartilage that articulates directly with condyles of the knee

function of menisci

stability for knee and shock absorber

are the menisci commonly torn during injury?

YES

what modalities are used to visualize meniscus tears?

knee arthrogram or MRI

tibiofibular joints JUST list the two

prox and dist

tibiofibular joints prox

tissue type movement

synovial

gliding

freely movable

tibiofibular joint dist

tissue type movement

fibrous

syndesmosis

slightly movable

what are the two knee joints (in the chart in book) LIST THEM

patellofemoral

femorotibial

patellofemoral knee joint

tissue type movement

synovial

gliding

freely movable