Risk Management, Safety Culture, and Risk Assessment Techniques

Vocabulary flashcards covering core risk definitions, inherent safety principles, safety culture models, performance indicators, and risk assessment techniques from the lecture notes.

Risk

The effect of uncertainty on achieving objectives.

Risk Management Process

A systematic approach to identifying, analysing, evaluating, and treating potential threats and uncertainties that can impact an organization, project, or goal.

Risk Management Portfolio

The systematic process of identifying, measuring, assessing, and mitigating risks across a collection of investments or business/project initiatives.

CHESS

A framework representing a paradigm shift for organizations to advance safety and security: Cooperation and Clustering, High transparency and efficient inspections, Educations, learning and training, Security development and integration, and Safety innovation and dynamic risk assessment.

Risk Avoidance

A category of risk reduction that relies on inherent safety or design-based safety.

Risk Control

A category of risk reduction achieved through prevention, protection, and mitigation.

Risk Acceptance

A risk treatment approach where risk is acknowledged but no action is taken, encompassing conscious or unconscious risk retention as well as risk transfer (insurance).

Intensification

An inherent safety principle involving the minimization of hazardous material inventory, such as using small tanks at higher pressure.

Substitution

An inherent safety principle based on replacing a hazardous substance with a safer one, such as using less dangerous chemicals.

Attenuation by Moderation

An inherent safety principle that reduces hazard severity by operating under less severe physical conditions, such as lower pressure and temperature.

Attenuation by Limitation of Effect

An inherent safety principle that limits the magnitude of an event's consequences, such as using several small units instead of one large unit.

Simplification

An inherent safety principle focused on eliminating unnecessary complexity, such as making a process less complicated.

Causal Tree Analysis

A method structured in four distinct steps: search for the facts, building the tree, search for measures, and define measures.

Observable Safety

A component of the TEAM model of safety culture consisting of everything that can be visually captured or photographed.

Safety Climate

A component of the TEAM model of safety culture defined as the shared perception of safety within an organization.

Intention (TEAM Model)

A component of the TEAM model of safety culture representing the motivation of people to execute safety procedures or not.

Management Indicator

A pro-active means indicator that answers 'with what means?' (people, time, and money) and indicates whether conditions are present to achieve certain goals, such as a safety budget.

Process Indicator

A pro-active actions indicator that answers 'How?' and indicates whether a predefined goal is achievable and whether efforts are carried out according to plan, such as the number of incident analyses per incident per year.

Result Indicator

A re-active outcome indicator captured after an accident that answers 'What?' and indicates what was achieved or whether a predefined target was reached, such as the number of first aids contractor per month.

Reliability (Risk Assessment)

A measurement quality asking whether repeated assessments produce similar results.

Validity (Risk Assessment)

A measurement quality asking whether assessment results correctly represent actual risk.

Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)

A risk assessment technique performed to identify all potentials, rank severity, and identify controls and follow-up actions.

HAZOP

A Hazard & Operability study characterized as an inductive, structured team analysis that utilizes guidewords and operating parameters.

Technical Safety Barriers

Engineered physical safety devices, such as safety valves.

Instrumented Safety Barriers

Safety barriers based on instrumentation and detection hardware, such as sensors.

Organisational Safety Barriers

Administrative and planning measures implemented for safety, such as emergency plans.

Human System Safety Barriers

Direct operational interventions executed by people, such as emergency shutdown actions.