7 - Fungal structure and replication

What are the 5 major phyla in fungi kingdom?

Chytridiomycota / mucoromycota / glomeromycota / Ascomycota / Basidiomycota

What are the Chytridiomycota’s?

Aquatic fungi / flagellated asexual & sexual spores

What does the large thallus of the Chytridiomycota contain?

Motile zoospores

Where are Chytridiomycota’s present in?

In rumen of cattle / aids digestion of fibrous plant material

What does Batrachochytrium cause?

Cause amphibian die-off disease

What can some Mucoromycota cause? (give an example)

Food spoilage / black bread mold

What type of spores do Mucoromycota’s have?

Asexual non-motile spores

What are conjugated fungi?

Large sexual zygospores with thick coat to protect from desiccation

What can Ascomycota’s cause?

Many plant pathogens / food spoilages

What type of spores do Ascomycota’s produce?

Aerial borne chains of asexual conidiospores

Whats an alternative name to the Ascomycotas?

Sac fungi

Whats an alternative name to the Basidiomycotas?

Club fungi

Describe the appearance of basidiomycota’s

Usually 4 sexual basidiospore (- or +) borne on a basidium, a club-shaped structure

What relation can basidiomycota have with trees?

Mycorrhizal association

Describe the steps for the growth of basidiomycetes (mushrooms)

Basidiospores / spore germination / formation of hyphal know / mature mushroom

What do mature mushrooms / basidiomycetes all have in structure?

Mycelial connection / cap / gills / rings / stalk

What are the 2 types of fungal hypae?

Septate / coenocytic

What are septate fungal hypae?

Fungal hyphae divided into separate cells by perforated septa. tiny holes in the septa allow the flow of nutrients between cells

What are coenocytic fungal hypae?

No septa, large cells with multiple nuclei

What is chitin a polymer of?

B-1,4N-acetylglucosamine

What are the contents of apical region / spitzenkorper?

Chitin & glucan synthesis vesicles / v.few organelles

Where does fungal growth ONLY occur?

At the tip of hyphae in the apical regions

What is apical growth powered by?

Actin polymerisation and cytoplasmic expansion forces

What function does apical growth give?

Penetrating power

What are spitzenkorper?

Cluster of small membrane bound vesicles of different size, embedded in meshwork of actin filaments