Unit 2: Anatomical Organization - Anatomy & Physiology flashcards

what is the position that is called the “anatomical position” ?

standing erect (up right)

superior

toward the head end of the upper part of the body

ex. the head is superior to the abdomen

inferior

away from the head end or toward the lower part of the body

ex: the navel is interior to the chin

anterior

toward or at the front of the body

ex. the breastbone is anterior to the spine

posterior

toward or at the back of the body

ex. the heart is posterior to the breastbone

medial

toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of

ex. the heart is medial to the arm

lateral

away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

ex. the arms are lateral to the chest

intermediate

between a more medial and more lateral structure

ex. the collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and shoulder

proximal

closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

ex. the elbow is proximal to the wrist

distal

farther from the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

ex. the knee is distal to the thigh

superficial (external)

toward or at the body surface

ex. the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles

deep (internal)

away from the body surface; more internal

ex. the lungs are deep to the skin

axial region of the body

head, heck, and trunk

appendicular region of the body

limbs (legs and arms)

antecubital

front of elbow

antebrachial

forearm

acromial

point of shoulder

axillary

armpit

abdominal

abdomen

sternal

breastbone

thoracic

chest

brachial

upper arm

umbilical

navel (belly button)

olecranal

back of elbow

manus

hand

digital

fingers

carpal

wrist

metacarpal

main part of hand

pollex

thumb

palmar

palm

coxal

hip

inguinal

groin

lumbar

lower back

scapular

shoulder blade region

gluteal

buttock

patellar

front of knee (knee cap)

crural

front of lower leg (shin)

femoral

thigh

fibular (peroneal)

lateral side of lower leg

popliteal

back of knee

sural

back of lower leg (calf)

tarsal

ankle

digital (foot)

toes

hallux

great toe (big toe)

pedal

foot (entire foot)

metatarsal

main part of foot

plantar

sole of foot

calcaneal

heel

midsagittal (median) plane

cut was made perfectly on midline

parasagittal plane

cut was off-centered, not midline

frontal (coronal) plane

divides the body vertically into anterior and posterior parts (front and back)

transverse (horizontal) plane

divides body horizontally (90 degrees to vertical plane) into superior and inferior parts (top and bottom)

dorsal body cavity

protects fragile nervous system

• two subdivisions (cranial and vertebral cavity)

cranial cavity

encases the brain

vertebral (spinal) cavity

encases spinal cord

ventral body cavity

houses the internal organs

• two subdivisions, seperated by the diaphragm (thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity)

thoradid cavity

two pleural cavities (each surrounds one lung)

• mediastinum - contains pericardial cavity and surrounds other thoracic organs such as esophagus, trachea, etc.)

• pericardial cavity - encloses heart

abdominopelvic cavity

abdominal cavity - contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver

pelvic cavity - contains urinary bladder, reproductuve organs, and rectum

serosa (serous membrane)

• thing double layered membranes that cover surfaces in ventral body cavity parietal serosa lines internal body cavity walls, visceral serosa covers internal organs (viscera)

• double layers are separated by slit-like cavity filled with serous fluid

• fluid secreted by both layers of membrane to reduce friction of constantly moving viscera

right hypochondriac region

liver, gallbladder, ascending colon, small intestine

epigastric region

liver, stomach, transverse colon, small intestine

left hypochondriac region

stomach, spleen, descending colon, small intestine

right lumbar region

ascending colon, small intestine

umbilical region

transverse colon, small intestine

left lumbar region

descending colon, small intestine

right iliac (inguinal) region

ascending colon, small intestine

hypogastric region

urinary bladder, reproductive organs, sigmoid colon, small intestine

left iliac (inguinal) region

descending colon, sigmoid colon, small intestine