Chemical Bonding and Inorganic Chemistry Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards focusing on chemical bonding types, properties of water, acids, bases, salts, pH, and buffers based on the lecture material.

Covalent bond

The strongest type of chemical bond, formed between atoms when they share electrons.

Ionic bond

A bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, creating oppositely charged ions that are attracted to one another.

Polar covalent bond

A covalent bond formed when electrons are shared unequally between atoms.

Polar covalent molecule

A molecule resulting from the unequal sharing of electrons, creating a slight negative charge on one end and a slight positive charge on the other.

Hydrogen bond

A weak bond formed between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and an electronegative or slightly negative atom.

Inorganic molecules

Molecules that are general small in size, do not contain carbon chains, usually have ionic bonds, and are associated with non-living things.

Cohesion

The property of water that gives it the ability to stick to itself.

Adhesion

The property of water that gives it the ability to stick to other surfaces.

Acid

Any substance that breaks down in water and releases hydrogen ions, having a pH of less than $7$.

Base

Any substance that breaks down in water and releases hydroxyl ions, having a pH greater than $7$.

Salt

A substance that breaks down in water and releases ions other than hydrogen or hydroxyl ions.

pH scale

A scale ranging from $0$ to $14$ that measures the concentration of hydrogen to hydroxyl ions in a solution to determine whether it is acidic, neutral, or basic.

Buffer

A chemical substance that maintains pH balance and prevents drastic changes in pH within the body.

Bicarbonate ion

An important buffer in the body represented by the formula $HCO_3$.

Normal blood pH range

The required pH range maintained in human blood and most other body fluids, which is between $7.35$ and $7.45$.