Unit 1 1.3

Mix agricultural systems that were combined with farming and domestication

What emerged in Afro-Eurasia during the change of shifting agriculture and sedentary agriculture?

Desertification

Making the desert larger

Hillsides or sandy soil (which was due to the thin soil which was the easiest to adapt to using stone tools)

Where did early Neolithic farming take place?

Sandy Soil

Lacked nutrients

Aerating Soil

Exposing the soil to oxygen

A water source, so they used dry farming, but eventually leads to irrigation

What did a hillside farming location lack?

Dry Farming

Growing crops during a dry season without man-made irrigation.

The use and creation of bronze tools and weapons

What was the turning point to irrigation?

The rise of civilizations in Mesopotamia

Irrigation allows -

Social Construct

Made up by humans. Ex: Time, Language, Money

Richer soil which yields more crops

Higher levels of nitrogen leads to what?

River Valleys

What provides the formation of hydrologic systems in early ancient Eurasian civilizations?

Mayans Olmec

1200-400 B.C.E.

Urban trading centers arose around monumental sacred sites, obsidian, pottery, feathers, games, chocolate, and glyphs

Mayan Olmec way of life:

Chavin

900-200 B.E.C.

The Andes in peru

Where were the Chavin located?

Large temple complexes that become urban sites, craft production, and they did not settle near river valleys

Chavin way of life:

Sophisticated agriculture, terrace farming, inter cropping, high yields, metallurgy, complex hydrologic irrigation

Both Mayan Olmec and Chavin way of life:

Inter cropping

Growing two or more crop species in the same field or growing area

Metallurgy

The use of metals such as bronze, copper, and gold