1.05 Abnormalities in sexual reproduction

What are sex chromosomes?

Paris of chromosomes that differ between males and females

What pairs do males have?

X+Y pairs

What pairs do females have?

X+X pairs

What are non-sex chromosomes called?

Autosomes

What factors influence sexual reproduction? (3)

1.random meiotic errors
2.disease
3. enviornmental factors

What is nondisjunction?

When homologous chromosomes fail to separate in anaphase

What are the 2 types of nondisjunction?

trisomy and monosomy

What is trisomy?

3 homologous chromosomes in place of homologous pair

What is monosomy?

Single chromosome in place of homologous pair

How is down syndrome caused?

Having 3 copies of 21st chromosome?

What are symptoms of down syndrome?

poor immune system, round full face

What is a karyotype?

picture of chromosome that have been arranged according to number, size or shape

What can you collect at 8 weeks

fetal cells

What is chorionic villus sampling?

removes cells from placenta for testing

What is amniocentesis

involves use of a syringe to collect cells for the amniotic sac for testing

What is multiple marketing screening?

Asses hormone levels to check for genetic conditions

What are the causes of fertilization problems (3)

1.poor/reduced egg or sperm quality/quantity
2.blocked fallopian tube of the female

What is vitro fertilization?

when hormone treatments are given to increase egg production, leading to embryos being implanted into the uterus

What is artificial insemination?

sperm is placed into the female reproductive tract

What is turner sydrome?

one X and no Y sex chromosome

Kinefeller syndrome

two X and one Y sex chromosome

What is Patau syndrome?

trisomy of chromosome 13

What is edwards syndrome?

trisomy of chromosome 18