Mader Biology 14th Edition — Chapter 10 — Multiple Choice and True/False Review

At which stage of meiosis is each chromosome composed of a single chromatid? A) telophase I B) prophase II C) anaphase II D) prophase I E) metaphase II

C) anaphase II

It is estimated that an average of two or three crossovers occur per human chromosome. True or False?

TRUE

All of the following are true concerning Down syndrome EXCEPT A) it is the most common trisomy in humans. B) it is caused by autosomal trisomy 21. C) chances of a woman having a child with Down syndrome decrease as she gets older. D) in 23% of cases, the sperm contributes the extra chromosome.

C) chances of a woman having a child with Down syndrome decrease as she gets older.

Why is crossing-over important? A) It increases chromosome condensation. B) It separates the homologous chromosomes. C) It provides extra genetic material for the daughter cells. D) It produces the proteins that are associated with DNA in chromosomes. E) It increases the likelihood that daughter cells contain different genetic material.

E) It increases the likelihood that daughter cells contain different genetic material.

Spindle formation, centrosome migration, the fragmentation of the nuclear envelope, and the disappearance of the nucleolus are characteristic of prophase I of meiosis but not prophase of mitosis. True or False?

FALSE

Which of the following statements correctly compares the events of meiosis and mitosis? A) After telophase I ofmeiosis, each daughter cell is diploid;after telophaseIof mitosis, each daughter cell is haploid. B) During prophase II of meiosis, the homologous chromosomes cross-over; there is no crossing-over during prophase of mitosis. C) During anaphase I ofmeiosis, the homologues pairs separate; during anaphase of mitosis, the homologous pairs stay together. D) During metaphase I of meiosis, the bivalents are present at the metaphase plate; during metaphase of mitosis, the duplicated chromosomes are at the metaphase plate.

D) During metaphase I of meiosis, the bivalents are present at the metaphase plate; during metaphase of mitosis, the duplicated chromosomes are at the metaphase plate.

If a cell contains 12 chromosomes at the end of meiosis I, how many chromosomes will the daughter cells contain at the end of meiosis II? A) 12 B) 24 C) 6 D) 3

A) 12

To what does the term chiasma refer? A) structures that hold the chromosomes in alignment on the metaphase plate B) the process of crossing-over C) the period between meiosis I and meiosis II D) the process of fertilization E) a structure that holds together homologues during crossing-over

E) a structure that holds together homologues during crossing-over

Dogs have 39 chromosome pairs. Based on this information, determine which of the following statements are true. Select all that apply. A) At the end of meiosis II, a cell would have 39 chromosomes. B) At the end of mitosis, a cell would have 78 chromosomes. C) The haploid number for dogs is 39. D) Meiosis does not occur in dogs. E) At the end of meiosis I, a cell would have 78 chromosomes.

A) At the end of meiosis II, a cell would have 39 chromosomes.; B) At the end of mitosis, a cell would have 78 chromosomes.; C) The haploid number for dogs is 39.

What is the function of polar bodies? A) They orient the sperm toward the egg. B) They orient the egg for penetration by the sperm. C) They allow areduction in chromosomes while preserving most of the cytoplasm for oneegg. D) They nurse the egg as it leaves the follicle.

C) They allow areduction in chromosomes while preserving most of the cytoplasm for oneegg.

Aneuploidy is a change in the number of chromosomes resulting from nondisjunction during meiosis. True or False?

TRUE

The correct number of chromosomes in a species is known as aneuploidy. True or False?

FALSE

A change in the chromosome number resulting from nondisjunction is called euploidy. True or False?

FALSE

Monosomy occurs when an individual has only one of a particular type of chromosome. True or False?

TRUE

Primary nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II when the sister chromatids fail to separate and both daughter chromosomes go in the same gamete. True or False?

FALSE

Sex chromosome aneuploids are better tolerated and have a better chance of producing survivors. True or False?

TRUE

Interkinesis is different from interphase in which way? A) Interphase involves DNA replication and interkinesis does not. B) Interkinesis is the stage that precedes a prophase stage. C) Interkinesis can be variable in length. D) Interkinesis occurs after a cell finishes a nuclear division.

A) Interphase involves DNA replication and interkinesis does not.

Which of the following is NOT true about daughter cells of mitosis or meiosis? A) In meiosis, the daughter cells are genetically identical. B) In mitosis, the daughter cells are genetically identical. C) In mitosis, there are two daughter cells. D) In meiosis, there are four daughter cells. E) In meiosis, daughter cells are haploid.

A) In meiosis, the daughter cells are genetically identical.

Sources of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms include(s) which of the following? A) crossing-over in prophase I of meiosis B) fertilization C) independent assortment in metaphase I of meiosis D) None of thechoices are sources of genetic variation. E) All of the choices are sources of genetic variation.

E) All of the choices are sources of genetic variation.

In human females, when is meiosis II completed? A) immediately after the sperm penetrates the primary oocyte B) immediately after the sperm penetrates the secondary oocyte C) at ovulation D) after the zygote has formed

B) immediately after the sperm penetrates the secondary oocyte

Which statement is NOT true about homologous chromosomes in meiosis I? A) Homologous chromosomes interact with the spindle as if they were one chromosome. B) Homologous chromosomes separate and go to different daughter cells. C) Homologous chromosomes form tetrads. D) Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material between nonsister chromatids. E) Each pair of homologous chromosomes break into four separate chromatids.

E) Each pair of homologous chromosomes break into four separate chromatids.

Species X reproduces asexually by fission and species Y reproduces sexually. Consider that all other relevant characteristics are similar between these species. When the environment changes, then A) species X should have a better chance of surviving than species Y. B) species Y should have a better chance of surviving than species X. C) species X and Y will have an equal chance of surviving. D) neither species should have an advantage in surviving since organisms often become extinct when the environment changes.

B) species Y should have a better chance of surviving than species X.

Which of the following statements is true about the life cycle of animals? A) The gametes arethe haploid phase of the animals life cycle. B) The products ofthe haploid phase of the life cycle are larger than those of the diploidphase. C) Meiosis is not anecessary component of the animal life cycle. D) The gametes arethe diploid phase of the life cycle.

A) The gametes arethe haploid phase of the animals life cycle.

Which of the following is/are true about sexual reproduction? A) None of the choices are true. B) The production of gametes is known as gametogenesis. C) A fertilized egg is known as a zygote. D) All of the choices are true. E) Gametes are the only haploid phase of the human life cycle.

D) All of the choices are true.

Which of the following accurately describe anaphase I and anaphase II? Select all that apply. A) Anaphase I occurs in both males and females but anaphase II only occurs in females. B) Homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I and sister chromatids separate during anaphase II. C) Anaphase I occurs in a haploid cell while anaphase II occurs in a diploid cell. D) At the end of anaphase I, each chromosome is composed of two chromatids and at the end of anaphase II, sister chromatids have separated.

B) Homologous chromosomes separate during anaphase I and sister chromatids separate during anaphase II.; D) At the end of anaphase I, each chromosome is composed of two chromatids and at the end of anaphase II, sister chromatids have separated.

During which stage of meiosis are the bivalents arranged along the equator of the spindle? A) metaphase II B) metaphase I C) anaphase II D) prophase I E) prophase II

B) metaphase I

There is a species of desert lizard that is entirely female. It is nevertheless necessary for two females to court and for one to assume the posture of a male to stimulate the female to produce eggs. No fertilization can occur, and the eggs develop into female lizards. What is the probable evolutionary mechanism for this occurring? A) This is probably an asexual organism attempting to mimic sexual reproduction. B) The desert is relatively uniform and there is little advantage to maintaining variation, but the animal has not been able to completely evolve away from its heritage of sexual reproduction. C) The mating behavior probably evolved accidentally. D) The species is probably going extinct.

B) The desert is relatively uniform and there is little advantage to maintaining variation, but the animal has not been able to completely evolve away from its heritage of sexual reproduction.

Which statement applies only to plants? A) They will have a haploid and diploid phase of the life cycle. B) They use sexual reproduction to produce new offspring. C) They use meiosis in order to produce the gametes. D) The haploid phase can be larger than the diploid phase.

D) The haploid phase can be larger than the diploid phase.

Meiosis accomplishes all of the following EXCEPT A) providing genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms. B) reduction of chromosome number (from 2n to n). C) gamete production. D) growth and repair.

D) growth and repair.

A primary spermatocyte has 64 chromosomes. After meiosis I, each secondary spermatocyte would have 32 chromosomes. After meiosis II, each spermatid would have 16 chromosomes. True or False?

FALSE

If a sperm cell contains 8 chromosomes, it comes from an animal whose regular body cells have _____ chromosomes. A) 8 B) 12 C) 16 D) 24 E) 4

C) 16

During _____, the homologous chromosome pairs independently align themselves at the equator of the cell. A) independentassortment B) crossing-over C) anaphase I D) mitosis

A) independentassortment

If the diploid number of chromosomes for an organism is 52, what will the haploid number of chromosomes be? A) 112 B) 24 C) 26 D) 48

C) 26

The followingpicture depicts which of the following changes in chromosome structure? A) translocation B) aneuploidy C) deletion D) duplication

D) duplication

During which stage of meiosis do the homologous chromosomes separate? A) anaphase II B) prophase II C) telophase I D) anaphase I E) prophase I

D) anaphase I

In a particular eukaryotic organism, in which phases of meiosis and mitosis is the number of chromatids in a cell the same? A) prophase II and prophase B) anaphase II and anaphase C) telophase I and telophase D) metaphase I and metaphase

D) metaphase I and metaphase

Which of the following is a true statement concerning meiosis in males and females? A) Males provide more genes in sperm than females provide in eggs. B) Spermatogenesis in males results in four functional sperm while oogenesis in females results in only one egg. C) Sperm that contain a recombination of genes are usually more successful in fertilizing an egg. D) Crossing-over occurs more often in the formation of sperm than in eggs.

B) Spermatogenesis in males results in four functional sperm while oogenesis in females results in only one egg.

Meiosis occurs during which of the following? A) oogenesis. B) spermatogenesis. C) None of the answers are correct. D) gametogenesis. E) Gametogenesis, oogenesis, and spermatogenesis all involve meiosis.

E) Gametogenesis, oogenesis, and spermatogenesis all involve meiosis.

Oogenesis always involves an equal division of cell contents in the formation of an egg and polar bodies. True or False?

FALSE

During which stage of meiosis does crossing-over occur? A) telophase I of meiosis I B) prophase I of meiosis I C) anaphase II of meiosis I D) anaphase I of meiosis II E) prophase II of meiosis II

B) prophase I of meiosis I

Which of the following is nota characteristic of homologous chromosomes? A) They are similar in shape and location of the centromere. B) They carry the same alleles for all traits. C) They are similar in size. D) They carry genes for the same traits.

B) They carry the same alleles for all traits.

Where in the human male does spermatogenesis occur? A) ovaries B) testes C) prostate gland D) penis E) epididymus

B) testes

A lattice holds the members of a bivalent together in such a way that the RNA of the nonsister chromatids is aligned. True or False?

FALSE

Which of the following would NOT contribute to genetic variation? A) the combination ofsperm and egg genes B) crossing-over of homologous chromosomes C) the random alignment of the chromosomes during metaphase I D) crossing-over of sister chromatids

D) crossing-over of sister chromatids

Which does NOT occur in meiosis? A) two daughter cells at completion B) formation of bivalents C) two nuclear divisions D) four daughter cells at completion

A) two daughter cells at completion

Only one of the four daughter cells becomes a functional gamete in spermatogenesis. True or False?

FALSE

In meiosis, the reduction from 2n to n is accomplished by sister chromatids splitting apart and migrating to opposite daughter cells. True or False?

FALSE

The cell formed after fertilization of an egg by a sperm is called a(n) A) zygote. B) sperm cell. C) egg cell. D) gamete. E) ovum.

A) zygote.

Jacobs syndrome, XYY, results from nondisjunction during spermatogenesis. True or False?

TRUE

Identify which event will occur during prophase I of meiosis but does not occur during prophase of mitosis. A) Spindles form as centrosomes migrate away from each other. B) Chromatin will condense into chromosomes. C) Nuclear envelope will dissolve. D) Bivalents will form.

D) Bivalents will form.

Another name for a tetrad is a(n) A) polar body. B) gamete. C) homologue. D) oocyte. E) bivalent.

E) bivalent.