Unit 3 Part 2 keyterms: Water and pH

Water Formula and structure

H2O

2 Hydrogen atoms

1 oxygen atom

Polarity

Water molecules exhibit opposite charges between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms. The oxygen is negatively charged, and the hydrogens are positively charged.

Cohesion

Water sticks to itself because of hydrogen bonding.

Adhesion

Water sticks to other molecules because of hydrogen bonds between water and other molecules.

High Surface Tension

The hydrogen bonds between water make a high surface tension. This helps things float on the surface of water.

High Heat Capacity

The hydrogen bonds help water to resist changing temperatures. This allows us to regulate our body temperatures easier.

Density

Water expands when it freezes. This allows ice to float on the surface of lakes allowing life to continue to live in the water even in freezing temperatures.

Universal Solvent

Water is a universal solvent because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid, though it does not actually dissolve everything

Hydrogen Bonding between water molecules

A weak attraction that occurs when the partially positive hydrogen atom of one water molecule binds to the partially negative oxygen atom of a neighboring water molecule.

pH

The power of Hydrogen

pOH

The power of Hyroxide

Acids

Any solution that has a pH from 0-6.99999

Bases

Any solution that has a pH of 7.01-14

pH Equation

H⁺=10^-pH

pOH Equation

OH^-=10^-pOH