psyc study guide

psyc-2330 final exam study guide

ch-17

Phineas Gage case

25yr old who had iron rod in face affected medical prefrontal lobes (planning,decision making, and emotion)

17-limbic sys

amygdala, fear conditioning emotional memory and social cognition

17-Ekman and Friesens primary emotional expressions

fear, happiness, anger, sadness, disgust, surprise

17-hans selye

identified adrenal cortex in stress response→sympathetic nervous sys, generalized stress concept

17-cannon-bard theory

emotional stimuli have 2 independent excitatory effects excite feeling of emotion in the brain and expression of emotion in ans and sns

17-in functional brain-imaging studies emotional situations typically produce increases in cerebral activity that are

widespread, rather than limited to amygdalae and prefrontal cortex

17-disorders whose symptoms are primarily physical but whose development is greatly influenced by psychological factors are called

psychosomatic disorders

17-psychoneuroimmunology

field that studies the stress effects in immune system function

17-adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)

anterior pituitary, triggers release of glucocorticoids

17-glucocorticoids

from adrenal cortex

17-the immune sys has 2 components the innate sys and

the adaptive immune sys

17-gastric ulcers- h.pylori

casual factor, caused by stress

17-stress vs estress

bad distress, good

17-the stress response

physiological response to harm or threat

17-the most commonly used measure of stress

level of circulating glucocorticoids

17-lateral nucleus and the amygdala relationship with fear

involved in acquisition, storage, and expression of conditioned fear

17-the amygdala is thought to control defensive behavior via outputs from the

central nucleus of the amygdala

17-which neural structure has a particularly dense population of glucocorticoid receptors?

hippocampus

17-testosterone

does not cause agression

17-emotional significance of sensory signals is learned and retained in the

amygdala

17- lateral nucleus plays key role in

auditory fear conditioning

18- schizophrenia

early adulthood

+)delusions*, hallucinations*, inappropriate affect, disorganized speech*, odd behavior

-)affective flattening, avolition, catatonia

antipsychotics- chlorpromazine , reserpine 2nd

too much dopamine

18- Bipolar disorder

abnormal activity in frontal cortex; and striatal reward circuits smaller hippocampus

mood stabilizers- lithium 1st, metallic ion

type 1- depression w/ or w/o mania(extreme)

type 2- depression w/hypomania

highest rates of suicide and attempted

mixed state- severe depression and mania (suicide)

euthymic- no symptoms of depression, mania, or hypomania

teens-middle adulthood 25yrs

18- major depressive disorder

selective norepinephrine - reuptake inhibitors(SNRI)

…………. serotonin……………………………………(SSRI)

2x more likely in women any age

prozac-fluoxetine is SSRI

reactive-triggered by obvious negative event

endogenous-no apparent cause

18- anxiety disorders

benzodiazepines-(Librium, valium) agonist action on GABA

anxiolytic agonist at GABAA receptors or serotonin receptors

worry of events or activities chronic fear

agoraphobia- fear of open spaces

most prevalent of all

prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala

18- tourettes disorder

tics degains early in life

1st educate, 2nd focus on emotional problems, 3rd treat tics (antipsychotics)

changes in cortical-striatal - thalamic cortical circuit