Nursing Lecture Flashcards: Shock and Critical Care

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, concepts, stages, and definitions related to shock and critical care nursing from the lecture transcript.

Shock

A condition characterized by inadequate perfusion and oxygenation at the cellular level due to the inability of circulation to adequately reach individual tissues of the body.

Target MAP Goal in Shock

A Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) maintained at $65\,mmHg$ or higher during anti-shock interventions to ensure tissue perfusion.

Critical Care Urinary Output Formula

A specific renal perfusion formula defined as $0.5\,mL/kg/hr$ (with a general baseline minimum of $30\,mL/hr$).

Lactic Acid

A diagnostic laboratory value measuring the byproduct of anaerobic metabolism caused by poor tissue perfusion throughout the body.

Compensatory Stage of Shock

The initial stage of shock where body mechanisms successfully keep blood pressure within normal limits, typically presenting with early signs like tachycardia, tachypnea, and anxiety.

Progressive Stage of Shock

The second stage of shock marked by failing compensation, falling blood pressure and MAP, acute kidney injury (AKI), liver failure, GI bleeds, and rising lactic acid levels.

Irreversible Stage of Shock

The final stage of shock characterized by severe organ damage, multiple organ dysfunction, unresponsiveness to mechanical ventilation or vasopressors, profound hypotension, and acute metabolic acidosis.

Hypovolemic Shock

A state of shock caused by a $15\%$ to $30\%$ reduction in intravascular volume from hemorrhage, trauma, surgery, burns, or severe fluid losses like diarrhea.

Cardiogenic Shock

Shock resulting from a pump failure of the heart, requiring inotropic agents (such as dobutamine or milrinone) rather than fluid boluses or standard vasopressors.

Distributive Shock

A category of shock caused by abnormal vascular tone and fluid distribution, encompassing septic shock, neurogenic shock, and anaphylactic shock.

Autonomic Dysreflexia

A hyperactive response in spinal cord injury patients triggered by a full bladder, distended colon, or cough that can precipitate neurogenic shock symptoms.

Anaphylactic Shock

A preventable form of distributive shock caused by a severe hyperimmune allergic reaction involving mast cell and histamine release, treated immediately with an EpiPen, IV Benadryl, and IV glucocorticoids.

EpiPen Junior

An epinephrine autoinjector containing a $0.15\,mg$ dose for pediatric patients weighing between $15\,kg$ and $30\,kg$.