Introduction to Biotechnology - Chapter 4: Proteins as Products

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts from Chapter 4 of 'Introduction to Biotechnology', focusing on proteins as biotechnology products.

Proteins

Large molecules required for the structure, function, and regulation of living cells.

Recombinant DNA technology

A method that makes it possible to produce specific proteins on demand.

Bioreactor

A device or vessel that provides a controlled environment for the growth of microorganisms or cells to produce proteins.

Biotech Drugs

Pharmaceutical products produced through biotechnological methods, such as microbial fermentation or mammalian cell culture.

Upstream processing

The production phase where the actual expression of the protein in the cell occurs.

Downstream processing

The purification phase of protein production where the protein is isolated and verified for function.

Proteomics

The scientific discipline dedicated to understanding the complex relationships of disease and protein expression.

Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs)

Changes to proteins after translation that can affect their activity, stability, and function.

Glycosylation

A type of PTM that involves the addition of carbohydrate units to proteins.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

A method used to detect specific proteins using antibodies.

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

A technique that separates proteins based on their isoelectric point and molecular weight.

Antibodies

Proteins produced by the immune system in response to antigens.

Centrifugation

A method used for separating samples by spinning them at high speeds.

Chromatography

A method for separating proteins based on their size or how they bind to other substances.

Mass spectrometry

An analytical method used to identify differences between proteins based on their mass and charge.