blood lymph immune general terms

What are the components of blood?

Plasma and formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

What is plasma?

Liquid portion of blood that carries water

What are erythrocytes?

Red blood cells that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

What is the function of erythrocytes?

Carry oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide to the lungs

What is hemoglobin?

Iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen

What are leukocytes?

White blood cells that protect the body from infection

What is the function of leukocytes?

Defend the body against pathogens and foreign substances

What are thrombocytes?

Platelets that help form blood clots

What is the function of thrombocytes?

Prevent blood loss by helping blood clot

What is hemostasis?

The process of stopping bleeding

What are the five types of white blood cells?

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes

What do neutrophils do?

Destroy bacteria and are the first responders to infection

What do eosinophils do?

Fight parasites and participate in allergic reactions

What do basophils do?

Release histamine during allergic and inflammatory responses

What do monocytes do?

Engulf pathogens and debris through phagocytosis (largest white cell)

What do lymphocytes do?

Provide specific immune responses through B cells and T cells

What determines ABO blood type?

The presence or absence of A and B antigens on red blood cells

What are the ABO blood groups?

A, B, AB, and O

What is Rh factor?

An antigen that determines positive or negative blood type

What is Rh positive?

Blood containing the Rh antigen

What is Rh negative?

Blood lacking the Rh antigen

What are the three main functions of the lymphatic system?

Fluid balance, immunity, and fat absorption

What is lymph?

Clear fluid that contains white blood cells and tissue fluid

What is the flow of lymph?

Tissues → lymphatic vessels → lymph nodes → lymph ducts → bloodstream

What are lymphatic vessels?

Tubes that transport lymph throughout the body

What are lymph nodes?

Structures that filter lymph and house immune cells

What is the spleen?

Organ that filters blood and helps fight infection

What is the thymus?

Organ where T lymphocytes mature

What are tonsils?

Lymphatic tissues that trap pathogens entering the mouth and nose

What are lymph ducts?

Large vessels that return lymph to the bloodstream

What is innate immunity?

Nonspecific immunity present at birth

What are examples of innate immunity?

Skin, mucous membranes, inflammation, and phagocytes

What is acquired immunity?

Specific immunity that develops after exposure to an antigen

What is active immunity?

Immunity produced when the body makes its own antibodies

What is an example of active immunity?

Vaccination or recovering from an infection

What is passive immunity?

Immunity received from another source of antibodies

What is an example of passive immunity?

Maternal antibodies or antibody injections

What are B cells?

Lymphocytes that produce antibodies

What are T cells?

Lymphocytes that attack infected or abnormal cells

What is humoral immunity?

Immunity mediated by B cells and antibodies

What is cellular immunity?

Immunity mediated by T cells

What is an antigen?

A foreign substance that triggers an immune response

What is immunization?

The process of making a person immune to a disease through vaccination

What is edema?

Swelling caused by excess fluid accumulation in tissues

What are pathogens?

Disease-causing organisms such as bacteria

What are the characteristics of acquired immunity?,

Recognition, specificity, and memory

What is recognition?

The ability to distinguish between the body's own cells and foreign substances (antigens)

What is specificity?

The ability to create a unique immune response for each specific antigen

What is memory?,

The ability to remember a previously encountered antigen and respond faster and more effectively upon future exposure

What are the three characteristics of acquired immunity?,

Recognition, specificity, and memory