PNS

Olfactory (cranial nerve I)

Sensory - allows for smell

Olfactory (cranial nerve I) exit from skull

olfactory fossa in cribriform plate

Optic (cranial nerve II)

Sensory - allows for vision

Optic (cranial nerve II) exit from skull

Optic foramen

Oculomotor (cranial nerve III)

Motor - allows for opening eye, dilation and constriction of pupil

Oculomotor (cranial nerve III) exit from skull

Superior orbital fissure

Trochlear (cranial nerve IV)

Motor - moves eyes diagonally (superior oblique)

Trochlear (cranial nerve IV) exit from skull

Superior orbital fissure

Trigeminal (cranial nerve V)

Sensory and motor - has three nerves, allows for movement of facial muscles and taste

Ophthalmic (cranial nerve V1)

Sensory - sensory input around the forehead and inside eye

Ophthalamic (cranial nerve V1) exit from skull

Superior orbital fissure

Maxillary (cranial nerve V2)

Sensory - innerves upper jaw, upper teeth and gums, and soft palate

Maxillary (cranial nerve V2) exit from skull

Foramen rotundum

Mandibular (cranial nerve V3)

Sensory and motor - innervates lower teeth and gums, allows for chewing

Mandibular (cranial nerve V3) exit from skull

Foramen ovale

Abducens (cranial nerve VI)

Motor - abducts eyeball, keeps eyes centered (lateral rectus)

Abducens (cranial nerve VI) exit from skull

Superior orbital fissure

Facial (cranial nerve VII)

Sensory and motor - taste in the anterior part of tongue, feeling in external ear, facial expression

Facial (cranial nerve VII) exit from skull

Internal auditory meatus, stylomastoid foramen

Vestibulocochlear (cranial nerve VIII)

Sensory - balance and hearing

Vestibulocochlear (cranial nerve VIII) exit from skull

Internal auditory meatus

Glossopharyngeal (cranial nerve IX)

Sensory and motor - taste in posterior part of tongue, swallowing (pharyngeal muscles)

Glossopharyngeal (cranial nerve IX) exit from skull

Jugular foramen

Vagus (cranial nerve X)

Sensory and motor - thoracic and abdominal viscera, parasympathetic to abdominal organs

Vagus (cranial nerve X) exit from skull

Jugular foramen

Hypoglossal (cranial nerve XII)

Motor - moves tongue and throat

Hypoglossal (cranial nerve XII) exit from skull

Hypoglossal canal

Spinal accessory (cranial nerve XI)

Motor - moves SCM and trapezius

Spinal accessory (cranial nerve XI) exit from skull

Jugular foramen

Dorsal roots of spinal cord

Sensory, more swollen for neurons

Ventral roots of spinal cord

Motor

Dorsal rami

Innervate deeps muscles of the dorsal trunk for movement of the vertebral column, goes down back of body

Ventral rami

Forms intercostal nerves in thoracic region and nerve plexuses everywhere else, wraps around the front of the body

Cervical plexus

C1-C4: nerves are sensory to the neck region, contains phrenic nerve

Phrenic nerve

C3-C5, runs from the edge of STM, keeps the diaphragm alive

Damage to the phrenic nerve can result in

Can make someone quadriplegic and require ventilator assistance

Brachial plexus

C5-T1: major terminal branches include axillary, radial, musculocutaneous, ulnar, and median

Axillary nerve

C5-C6: motor for deltoid and teres minor, sensory for skin around deltoid and upper arm

Radial nerve

C5-T1: motor for extensors of arm and forearm, sensory for dorsum of hand and forearm

Musculocutaneous nerve

C5-C7: motor for anterior arm muscles, sensory for lateral forearm

Ulnar nerve

C7, C8, T1: motor for forearm flexors and hand muscles, sensory for ulnar side of arm and hand (funny bone)

Median nerve

C5-T1: motor for flexors of forearm (except the ulnar ones) and muscles near thumb, sensory for skin on radial side of palm

Thoracic

No plexus, is motor to intercostal muscles and sensory to the skin of overlying area