Lab Quiz 1

Melting point

The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid.

Boiling point

The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas.

London attractive forces

Weak intermolecular forces present in organic molecules consisting of carbon and hydrogen.

Dipole-dipole forces

Attractive forces between polar molecules that have a slight charge separation.

Hydrogen bonding

Strong intermolecular attractive force occurring between molecules containing O-H or N-H groups.

Ionic attractive forces

Strong attractive forces between positively and negatively charged ions in ionic compounds.

Solubility

The ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.

Recrystallization

A purification method that involves dissolving a solid in a solvent and then allowing it to crystallize.

Fractional distillation

A distillation method used to separate components of a mixture with boiling points that are close to each other.

Liquid/liquid extraction

A separation process that involves extracting a substance from one liquid phase into another.

Vapor pressure

The pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases at a given temperature.

Nucleation

The process by which new crystals begin to form from a supersaturated solution.

Microscale determination of melting point

The process of measuring melting point using less than 1mg of material.

Impurity

A foreign substance present in a compound that can affect its physical properties.

Theoretical plate in distillation

A single cycle of vaporization and condensation in fractional distillation.

Extraction solvent properties

Characteristics that make a solvent suitable for extraction, such as solubility and boiling point.