1. Early Mughals & The Suri Interlude

Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in 1st Battle of Panipat

April 21, 1526 AD (founder of Mughal Dynasty)

Babur original name

Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur

Babur title assumed

Padshah (in 1507 AD at Kabul)

Babur lineage (Father's side)

Descendant of Timur

Babur lineage (Mother's side)

Descendant of Genghis Khan (Mongol)

Babur was from

Uzbekistan

Age Babur became ruler of Ferghana in 1494

12 years old

Group that forced Babur to leave his throne

Uzbegs (another Mongol group)

Year Babur conquered Kabul

1504 AD

Person who invited Babur to India to fight Ibrahim Lodi

Daulat Khan Lodi

Locations Babur conquered in 1519 before Panipat (first use of gunpowder in region)

Bajaur and Bhera

First to use gun powder massively in Indian warfare

Babur

1st Battle of Panipat (1526 AD)

Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi

Battle of Khanwa (1527 AD)

Babur defeated Rana Sanga of Mewar at Khanwa

Title Babur assumed after Battle of Khanwa

Ghazi

Battle of Chanderi (1528 AD)

Babur defeated Medini Rai of Chanderi

Battle of Ghagra (1529 AD)

Babur defeated Afghans (Mahmud Lodi)

Year and place of Babur's death

1530 at Agra

Babur's burial locations

Initially Agra (Aram Bagh), remains later moved to Kabul (Afghanistan)

Tulughma Formation definition

Babur's specific war strategy used in Panipat

Harawal in Tulughma Formation

Center/Vanguard

Jaranghar & Baranghar in Tulughma Formation

Left Wing & Right Wing

Tulughma (units) in Tulughma Formation

Flanking units to encircle the enemy

Autobiography of Babur

Tuzuk-i-Baburi in Turkish

Persian translation of Tuzuk-i-Baburi

Baburnama by Abdur Rahim Khanekhana

English translation of Tuzuk-i-Baburi

By Madam Beveridge

Architecture built by Babur

Kabuli Bagh (Mosque in Panipat) and Aram Bagh (in Agra)

Humayun reign periods

1530 AD-1540 AD and 1555 AD-1556 AD

Humayun's relationship to Babur

Eldest son

Year Humayun ascended the throne

1530 AD

Brothers who challenged Humayun's succession

Kamran, Hindal, Askari

Regions controlled by Humayun's brother Kamran

Afghanistan and Punjab regions

Battle of Chausa (1539 AD)

Humayun defeated by Sher Shah Suri

Battle of Kannauj/Bilgram (1540 AD)

Humayun completely defeated by Sher Shah

Place Humayun took refuge after losing battle

Safavid Dynasty (Iran)

Person who sent a Rakhi to Humayun seeking protection against Bahadur Shah of Gujarat

Rani Karnawati of Mewar

Author of Humayun's biography "Humayunama"

His sister Gulbadan Begum

Year Humayun regained his empire

1555 AD

City built by Humayun at Delhi as his 2nd capital

Din Panah

Cause of Humayun's death in 1556 AD

Falling from the stairs of his library

Humayun's Tomb builder

Bega Begum (also known as Haji Begum, his widow)

Architect of Humayun's Tomb

Mirak Mirza Ghiyath

Significance of Humayun's Tomb

First garden tomb in India, UNESCO World Heritage Site

Sher Shah Suri reign period

1540 AD-1545 AD

Sher Shah Suri original name

Farid Khan

Father of Sher Shah Suri

Hasan Khan, the Jagirdar of Sasaram (Bihar)

Battle where Sher Shah assumed the title "Sher Shah"

Battle of Chausa (1539 AD)

Coin introduced by Sher Shah

Rupia (silver coin)

Sher Shah's administrative unit comprising several villages

Pargana (led by Shiqdar)

Tax fixed under Sher Shah's land revenue system

1/3rd of the average produce

Documents introduced by Sher Shah to define peasants rights and taxes

Patta (Title deed) and Qabuliyat (Agreement deed)

Road built by Sher Shah

Grand Trunk Road connecting Chittagong (Bangladesh) to Peshawar

Shelters on GT Road providing food, water, lodging

Sarai

Cause of Sher Shah's death in 1545 AD

Gunpowder explosion during conquest of Kalinjar

Fort built by Sher Shah at Delhi

Purana Quila (Old Fort)

Location of Sher Shah's tomb

Sasaram (Bihar)

Successor of Sher Shah Suri

His son Jalal Khan (took the title Islam Shah Suri)