serial killers exam three part 2

who was charles Whitman and what did he do

the texas tower sniper. killed 16 people

what are three things internally that whitman had

violent fantasies

mood disturbances

severe headaches

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what did the autopsy of charles whitman reveal

he had a brain tumor compressing the amygdala and temporal lobe

what did the autopsy of charles witman reveal about the brain

the role of brain abnormalities in violent crimw

biological impairments like tumors may affect what

behavior and impulse control

what did early theories emphasize

born criminal h

what is an example of a born criminal

lombroso

why was biological theories rejected

due to associations with eugenics and biological determinism

modern biosocial criminology focuses on the interaction of what

biology and environment

what two things are biosocial theories

developmental and dynamic

what two things does contemporary biology emphasize when shaping behavior

nature and nurture

there is a shift back to what in recent decades

integrated biosocial models

what dominated 20th century criminology

sociology

what is not discredited

lombroso’s atavism theory

genetic trait/ physical feature from evolutionary ancestor resurfaces in a descendant

lombroso’s atavism theory

what are third reich and racial hygiene and example of

historical misuse

when was behavior genetics formally established

1950s-60s

what two things do studies focus on

heredity and individual differences

what contributes significantly to behavior but are not the sole determinants

genes

what do modern approaches examine

gene- environment interactions

genes influence behavior but require what to manifest

environmental input

what percent of DNA do identical twins share

100%

what percent of DNA do fraternal twins share

50%

twin studies show about 50% heritability of what

antisocial behavior

what do shared environments do

shape children similarly

siblings raised together often do what

develop differently

what are nonshared environments

unique experiences,

peer groups

personal events

nonshared environments have a greater impact on what

development than nonshared ones

what interacts to shape personality

nature and nurture

what is greater nonshared environments or shared environments

nonshared environments

how genes and environment affect antisocial behavior

meta analysis

what is the percent of individual experiences or nonshared enviornemnts

43%

what percent of genetics explains youth delinquency

60%

what does a criminal biological mother lead to

higher offending risk

what do conviction rates do with criminal biological parents

increase

when is risk the highest

both bad genes and bad upbringing

what is tied to bio and environmental factors

antisocial traits

what percent of convictions does genetics explain

45%

what shapes gene expression

environment

low MAOA and maltreatment leads to what

higher antisocial behavior

_____ often require environmental stressors to manifest behavior

genetic predispositions

when was the human genome project launched

1990 and completed by 2003

what did the human genome project do

marked the shift from early biological theories to modern biosocial research

study of how the environment influences gene expression without changing DNA

epigenetics

identify genetic variants linked to traits

Genome wide association studies

analyxe how environmental exposures affect gene regulagtion

epigenome- wide association studies

environmental effects may be passed across generations

transgenerational epigenetic inheritance

what three things can turn off and on certain genes

stress

trauma

neglect

changes can be passed how

intergenerationally

epigenetics bridges biology and environment, showing whst

how life experiences shape biology

what do some criminals have

brain abnormalities

why do some criminals have brain abnormalities

injuury

developmental issues

disease

what is linked to increased aggression and poor impulse control

TBI

what are frontal lobe syndrome symptoms

attention problems

poor judgement

obsessive and violent behavior

what does brain trauma significantly affect

violent behavior

what happened to phineas gage

an iron rod pierced his skull, he survived but his personality changed =,

what is damage to the frontal lobes involved in

emotion and decision making

4% of what was damaged with phineas gage

cortex

10% of what was damaged with phineas gage

white matter

what else matters besides brain legions

location

who was aaron hernandez

NFL player convicted of murder and died by suicide

what was aaron hernandez diagnosed with

CTE

damage in the frontal lobe and hippocampus- linked to behavior and memory

CTE

according to brower and price what was frontal lobe dysfunction tied to

impulsive aggression

according to ramanauskas what does TBI increase

impulsivity

what do criminal brain lesions affect

decision making networks

what happened to the main that developed sudden pedophilic behavior

was found to have a frontal lobe tumor. when the tumor was removed he went back to normal, but when it came back he returned to the behavior

low prefrontal and high subcortical activity —> poor impulse control

affective impulsive murderers

normal prefrontal activity—> controlled, planned violence

predatory murderers

what happens in brain function for antisocial individuals

there is 11% less prefrontal gray matter

what do pathological liars have more of

white matter in the prefrontal cortex

what is low resting heart rate linked to

antisocial behavior

when individuals are under arousal what might they seek through risky behavior

stimulation

what does low heart rate=

strongest biological correlate of antisocial behavior

what is seen as a static risk factor

low resting heart rate

what can be seen to increase risk taking

low psychological fear responses

what can fearlessness reduce

the deterrent effect of punishment

what is proactive aggression tied to

psychopathy

impulsive, emotional→ not linked to fear deficits

reactive aggression

goal directed, manipulative, callous is linked to what

weak fear responses

goal directed, manipulative, callous—> linked to weak fear responses

proactive aggression

what is the amygdala used for

fear and emotion

what is an example of the amygdala

alex honnold’s fearless brain

who was a free solo climber who climbed deadly cliffs without rope or safety gear

alex honnold

what did fMRI studies show about Alex’s brain

there was almost no amygdala activity

what are three neurotransmitters

serotonin

dopamine

norepinephrine

what do neurotransmitters do

regulate brain and body functions

what can imbalances in brain chemistry affect

Aggression

impulsivity

decision- making

what regulates the amygdala and controls anger, impulse, and aggression

serotonin

what does low serotonin=

impulsive aggression

what are common groups for low serotnonin

children

soldiers

repeat offenders

low serotonin is seen in what type of individuals

impulsive/ hostile

what is serotonin influenced by

social hierarchy

what activates genes linked to aggression and dominance

testosterone

how much more testosterone does men have than women

10-20x

what does testosterone increase

amygdala activity and heart rate in response to anger cues

high testosterone+ low serotonin=

severe aggression, especially in adolescence

what does dopamine do

fuels pleasure, reward, and risk taking

high dopamine alone doesnt cause aggression what else does it depend on

the brain’s ability to store it

no single dopamine gene predicts what

violence