Acadec 2026-2027 MUSIC - Section 4

What are some internal methods of transportation issues?

Brakes fail, vessel leak, person operating makes error

What are some external issues with transportation?

Earthquake-damaged roads, attacks from pirates

Which movie has made piracy seem harmless?

Pirates of the Caribbean

How many pirating incidents were there in 2024?

116 incidents (2+ a week)

What do cruise ships do to avoid marauders?

Warn passengers to turn off cabin lights and close curtains

Who was Virgil?

Poet who referred to ancient Rome's army music

When did Virgil live?

70 to 19 BCE

What did Virgil document?

Roman army's use of musical instruments

What happened in the sixteenth century?

European nations developed unique drum signals

What did drum signals do?

Alerted armies using distinctive rhythms

What happened in Plymouth in 1627?

Pilgrim militia assembled by beat of drum

How did Pilgrim militia assemble?

Each with firelock or musket by drum

Where did Pilgrim militia assemble?

In front of the captain's door

How do we use music for attention-getting signals today?

Doorbells and ringtones

What did military music need to do?

Dignify ceremonial functions, ift morale, get soldiers to march in step together

Who composed marches for Frederick the Great?

Prussian Princess Anna Amalia

Who was Anna Amalia's brother?

Frederick the Great

When did Anna Amalia live?

1723 to 1787

When did Anna Amalia compose?

In the 1760s and 1770s

What did military music dignify?

Ceremonial functions

What did military music lift?

Soldiers' morale

What did military music enable?

Soldiers to march in step together

What was early tone color?

Percussion

What is a march?

Music featuring strong, steady, repetitive rhythms

Who wrote Art of War?

Niccolò Machiavelli

When was Art of War published?

1521

What did Machiavelli note?

Longstanding use of music to regulate armies

What is a funeral march?

Functional march designed with slower tempo

How are funeral march drums?

Customarily muffled to subdue beats

What rhythms are frequent in funeral marches?

Dotted rhythms

What mode is a funeral march in?

Minor mode

Where do funeral march modulations move?

Key a third away

What are target modulation keys?

Mediant or submediant

What do funeral marches contain?

Two or more distinctive melodic strains

How do funeral march tunes move?

In an overall downward direction

When did bands perform for communities?

During peacetime

Who played in Saint Patrick celebrations?

New York fife-and-drum unit

When was the fife-and-drum celebration?

1766

What was the 60th Foot?

Royal American Regiment

What did the 60th Foot perform?

Concert of vocal and instrumental music

When did the 60th Foot perform?

1767

Where did the 60th Foot perform?

New York

Which regiment performed in 1771?

64th regiment band

Where did the 64th perform?

Boston

What instruments supplemented the 64th?

French horns and oboes

How many acts did they play?

Three-act performance

What did the 64th perform?

Latest concert works from England

What happened in sixteenth-century Europe?

Line blurred between functional and stylized marches

What is a functional march?

Composed to assist armies on the move

What is a stylized march?

March representation intended for concert performance

What is The Padstow Lifeboat?

Example of a stylized march

Who was John Philip Sousa?

Most famous American march composer

What was Sousa's nickname?

March King

When did Sousa live?

1854 to 1932

Where did Sousa start his career?

Writing for the U.S. Marine band

What did Sousa eventually form?

His own ensemble

How many marches did Sousa write?

136 marches

What were Sousa's most famous marches?

Semper Fidelis, The Washing Post, The Stars and Stripes Forever!

When was Semper Fidelis composed?

1888

When was The Washington Post composed?

1889

When was Stars and Stripes Forever composed?

1896

Who composed theatrical marches in France?

Seventeenth-century opera and ballet composers

Why did French composers write marches?

To support military characters in stories

When did theatrical funeral marches appear?

Seventeenth century

Who composed Saul?

George Frideric Handel

When did Handel live?

1685 to 1759

When was Saul composed?

1739

What is an oratorio?

Sacred opera without costumes, sets, or staging

What is Dead March?

Stylized funeral march within Saul

Why was Dead March written?

For fallen Israelite soldiers

Which three people's funerals used Dead March?

Winston Churchill, George Washington, Abraham Lincoln

Whose funeral used Dead March?

Winston Churchill

When was Churchill's funeral?

1965

How long after composition was Churchill's?

More than 225 years

Whose US funerals used Dead March?

George Washington and Abraham Lincoln

When was George Washington's funeral?

1799

When was Abraham Lincoln's funeral?

1865

Who wrote Marche funèbre?

Fryderyk Chopin

When did Chopin live?

1810 to 1849

When was Marche funèbre composed?

1837

What was the original instrument?

Piano

When was Marche funèbre orchestrated?

1849

Why was the march orchestrated?

To accompany Chopin's burial procession

Which two people had Marche funebre as their song in their funeral?

President John F. Kennedy, Queen Elizabeth II of England

Whose 1963 funeral used Chopin's march?

President John F. Kennedy

Where was JFK transported?

Arlington National Cemetery

Whose 2022 funeral used Chopin's march?

Queen Elizabeth II of England

Who composed Symphonie fantastique?

Hector Berlioz

When did Berlioz live?

1803 to 1869

What degree did Berlioz reluctantly earn?

Medical degree

When did Berlioz graduate medicine?

June 1824

When did Berlioz enter Paris Conservatoire?

Fall of 1826

What play did Berlioz watch?

Hamlet in 1827

Who starred in Hamlet?

Harriet Smithson

When did Harriet Smithson live?

1800 to 1854

What did Berloiz do after seeing Smithson?

Became obsessed with her, started composing at furious pace and built up local fame

What did Berloiz do after hearing Beethoven performances in 1828?

Took programmatic music and applied it to multi-movement symphony

What is cyclic symphony?

Work using a repeating melody across movements

What is the repeating melody called?

Idée fixe

What is the translation of idée fixe?

Fixed idea