BIOL1003 U1-3 midterm prep

Non charged molecule containing opposite partial positive and partial negative charged ends due to uneven electron distribution

Polar molecule

Molecule containing both polar (hydrophilic) region and non-polar (hydrophobic) region, i.e. phospholipid

Ampipathic molecule

Continuous membrane bound organelle lacking ribosomes that synthesizes carbohydrates and lipids

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Movement of molecules across a membrane against concentration gradient from lower to higher concentration requiring cellular energy (ATP)

Active transport

Non cellular, 3 dimensional network of macromolecules providing structural & biochemical support to surrounding cells

Extracellular matrix

Polar or charged molecule that interacts with or dissolves in water through partial or full charge attractions

Hydrophilic molecule

Solution with a lower solute concentration relative to another solution

Hypotonic solution

Carboxylic acid containing a long Carbon chain with one or more double Carbon-Carbon bonds

Unsaturated fatty acid

Carboxylic acid containing long carbon chain with single Carbon-Carbon bonds

Saturated fatty acid

Solution having same solute concentration as another solution

Isotonic solution

Covalent bond formed between monosaccharides in ring form during dehydration synthesis to form disaccharides or polysaccharides

Glycosidic bond

Membrane bound vesicle containing asidic digestive enzymes breaks down foreign substances, worn-out organelles, & biological macromolecules

Lysosome

Spontaneous movement of molecules down a concentration gradient from higher to lower concentration without requiring energy

Passive transport

Organism capable of making its own food from inorganic substances

Autotroph

Double membrane bound eukaryotic organelles carrying out oxidative phosphorylation to synthesize ATP via ATP synthase

Mitochondria

Liquid water component of cytoplasm comprises 80% of its volume

Cytoplasm

Continuous membrane-bound network that modifies, packages, sorts proteins, carbohydrates and lipids for intracellular or extracellular use

Golgi apparatus

Total concentration of dissolved solute particles in a solution

Osmolarity

Loss of proteins, secondary tertiary and quaternary structures while retaining its primary sequence, rendering the protein non-functional

Denaturation

Dense region within eukaryotic nucleus where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is transcribed and combined with ribosomal subunits

Nucleolus

Non-membrane bound cellular organelle composed of RNA & protein that carries out translation & protein synthesis

Ribosome

Amide covalent bond (CONH) formed between Carboxyl group of one amino acid & the amino group of another during dehydration synthesis

Peptide bond