PE-the respiratory system

What does the respiratory system involve?

The lungs

what system does the respiratory system work closely with?

cardiovascular system

what is the key function of the respiratory system and why is this important to athletes?

- work at higher intensity for longer as delays lactic acid build up and fatigue

• bring oxygen into the body and remove carbon dioxide

lable this diagram

What is the pathway of oxygen in the respiratory system?

Mouth/nose

Trachea

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Alveoli

Where does gaseous exchange take place?

Alveoli

What are alveoli?

Tiny air sack in the lungs

What happens at the alveoli?

Oxygen is transfered to the blood stream and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood

What are the alveoli covered in?

Capillaries

What does gas pass through to get to the bloodstream?

Thin walls(one cell thick)

What is there a large supply of and why?

Blood as increased red blood cell content increases the amount of oxygen supplied to the muscles and tissues

What is good about the capillaries being close to the alveoli?

Diffusion distance is short

What do alveoli have?

A large surface area

What does gas move from and to?

Areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

What 2 muscles help the process of breathing?

Intercoastal muscles and the diaphragm

What is another word for inhale?

Inspiration

What do the intercoastal muscles do during inspiration?

Contract which lifts the ribs upwards and outwards causing the chest to expand

What does the diaphragm do during inspiration?

Contracts it pulls down and flattens out the floor of the rib cage

What do the lungs do during inspiration?

Increase in size as the chest expands

During inspiration how does the pressure change?

Pressure inside the lungs falls as they expand

What does this change in pressure mean?

As the pressure of air outside is higher it means air is now sucked into the lungs

What is another word for exhale?

Expiration

What do the intercoastal muscles do during expiration?

Relax so the ribs move downwards and inwards under their own weight and the chest gets smaller

What does the diaphragm do during expiration?

Relaxes and it is pushed back into a domed position by the organs underneath it

What do the lungs do during expiration?

Decrease in size as ths chest gets smaller

During expiration how does the pressure change?

Pressure inside the lungs increases as they get smaller

What does this change in pressure mean?

As the pressure of air outside is lower it means air is forced out of the lungs

What does tidal volume mean?

The volume of air inspired or expired per breath. This increases during exercise

What does breathing rate mean?

The number of breathes per minute. This is typically 12-20 breathes per minute for a healthy adult at rest

What is minute ventilation?

The amount of air a person breathes out in a minute

What happens to tidal volume when exercising?

Increased to meet the demand of oxygen to the working muscles

What is the intensity of aerobic exercise?

Moderate

What is the duration of aerobic exercise?

Long

What is the word equation for aerobic exercise?

Glucose+oxygen——>carbon dioxide+water

Are aerobic respiration byproducts fatiguing or not?

Non fatiguing byproduct

Give some sporting example for aerobic respiration?

Marathon

Long distance swimming

Long distance cycling

What is the intensity of anaerobic exercise?

High

What is the duration of anaerobic exercise?

Short

What is the word equation for anaerobic exercise?

Glucose——>energy+lactic acid

Are anaerobic respiration byproduct fatiguing or not?

Fatiguing byproduct

Give some sporting examples of anaerobic respiration?

High Jupiter

100m sprint

Long juump

Is football anaerobic or aerobic?

Both as long duration but parts of high intensity

When exercising what happens to breathing rate?

Increases so more oxygen can be inhaled but the body canonly benefit from this if the heart rate increases to pump oxygen to working muscles

Some short term effects of exercise on the respiratory system?

Increase breathing rate, tidal volume and minute ventilation

-increase in supply of oxygen to the lungs

-faster gaseous exchange

Some long term adaptations of the effects of exercise on the respiratory system?

Increase in capillary density (cappilerisation)

• increase the efficiency of oxygen uptake for energy and more effective removal of co2.

Increase in vital capacity

• more air canbe inspired

Increase in tidal volume

• more oxygen can entre the lungs

Increase in minute ventilation

• greater amount of air inspired or expired per minute

Increase respiratory muscle hypertrophy

• more air can be breathed in and out

Reduction in resting respiratory rate

• makes the body work more efficiently

Increase surface areaof alveoli

• more efficient gaseous exchangeand the body can work harder for longer