Philosophy Midterm

Techne

Craft

Athanatos

Immortal

Nous

Mind

Psuche

Soul

Eros

The desire for love

Elenchus

Socratic questioning

Aporia

Perplexity

Aition

The cause of something

Nomos vs. phusis

The law of something vs the nature of something

Teaching-persuasion vs. conviction-persuasion

Persuading to accept something as a fact vs. accepting a moral/stance

Socratic definition of a craft (which oratory fails)

1. 1. Has a subject matter

2. 2. Have reasoned methods

3. 3. Aim at the good

Describe pastry baker vs. a doctor and explain the larger argument

• - Pastry baking is not actually important, doctors are actually important

• - Compares oratory and philosophy

Why does Polus think tyrants have great power? Why does Socrates think they don’t?

They get to do as they SEE FIT, they don’t always do what they WANT

Why is doing injustice worse than suffering it?

It is more shameful and therefore more bad

What traits does Socrates use in the Touchstone metaphor with Callicles?

Knowledge, good will, frankness

What does hedonism argue? Why does Socrates argue against it?

Constant pleasure, appetite is what leads to the good life, one must have self-control and constraint

What is the main idea of the Affinity Argument?

Says the properties of Forms and that our soul is what knows the Forms.

What are the three properties of a Form?

Eternal, uniform, intelligible

What is Meno’s Paradox?

It says that instead of “learning” things, we “recollect” them from some point before birth. It’s like jogging our soul’s memory

How does the Method of Hypothesis work?

Start by making a broad claim/hypothesis, then examine it until you find or don’t find a contradiction. If there is a contradiction, start with a broader claim and repeat the process.

Simmias argues against _______, saying that the soul requires harmony with the body.

Affinity Argument

What does Simmias mean when describing the soul being a “harmony”?

It requires a harmonic construction of the body in order to house a body.

How does Cebes relate the soul to a cloak?

A weaver can make many cloaks but dies eventually, the soul weaves many bodies but dies eventually

How does Anaxagoras explain change, generation, and destruction by saying that everything has a share of everything?

Mixing and unmixing

What term does this apply to: “For how can hair come from what is not hair, and flesh from what is not flesh?”

Mixing and unmixing

A triangle having three sides is an example of a _______. Why?

essential property, it makes a triangle what it is.

What is being debated in the Euthyphro Dilemma?

Do the gods love something pious or do the gods choose the standards for piety based on what they love?

How does the term self-predication apply to the Forms?

The Forms have properties/crieterion that make them what they are, and that can make something succeed or fail in meeting them.

How does the term participation apply to the Forms?

Different things participate in the Forms by having the properties of a Form.

Where did we see an example of a Hard Case in the course?

In Euthyphro when he prosecuted against his father

What are the three properties of a Socratic Definition?

Complete, exclusive, explanatory