Cell Communication

Cell Communication

Process of cells detecting and responding to to signals in the extracellular environment.

What are the two types of cellular communication?

Intercellular and Intracellular

What is intercellular communication?

Communication between cells

What is intracellular communication?

Communication within cells

In intercellular communication how does communication take place?

signaling cells release ligands that interact with receptors

What are the 4 different forms of cell signaling?

Direct Contact-Channels that connect plasma membranes

Paracrine- Signals that act locally between cells

Endocrine-Signals called hormones travel long distances between cells

Synaptic-Nerve cells release the signal which bind to receptors on nearby cells

What are the different types of receptors?

Intracellular communication-found in the cytoplasm of the cell

Cell surface receptors-found on the cell surface and are integral proteins that bind to external ligand molecules

What are the different types of cell surface receptors?

Enzyme linked receptors- Extracellular domain binds the signal, intracellular domain becomes a catalyst that promotes a reaction

G-protein coupled receptors- Made of 7 transmembrane segments, activated receptor bind to G protein

Ligated gated ion channels- Ligand binding causes ion channels to open and ions flow through the membrane

What are the two types of signaling molecules?

Hydrophobic ligands- NONPOLAR-can directly diffuse through plasma membrane

Hydrophilic Ligands- POLAR- so they need help getting across the membrane, bind to cell surface receptors

3 Stages of cell signaling (WHOLE PROCESS)

1.Receptor Activation-signaling molecules bind to receptors

2.Signal Transduction-once the ligand binds to the receptor, the signal is transduced into the membrane

3.Cellular Response-different responses possible

Signal Transduction

Many signal transduction pathways lead to the production of secondary messengers

relaying signals inside cells

promoting more signal amplification (MORE SIGNALS) and speed

What is apoptosis?

Programmed cell death