Restorative Justice Quiz 2

Whole School Approach

Incorporates social, emotional education and conflict resolution skills across the entire school community.

Circle Time Strategies

Discussing and making decisions in a non-standard classroom arrangement with clear ground rules like confidentiality and a talking piece.

School Council Benefits

Provides student voice, improves communication, reduces bullying/vandalism, and promotes citizenship.

Mediation Process Stage 1: Rules

Making the session feel safe and agreeing on ground rules.

Mediation Process Stage 2: Problems

Giving both sides a chance to speak, retelling the problem, and encouraging mutual understanding.

Mediation Process Stage 3: Solution

Encouraging problem-solving and establishing a formal agreement.

Conferencing Core Questions

What happened? Who has been affected and how? What can be done to put things right?

Restorative Conferencing Core Questions

Can you explain what happened? What were you thinking/feeling at the time? What are your thoughts/feelings now?

Support Group 7-Step Process

A no-blame approach used by teachers when a child is bullied, focusing on victim feelings and sharing responsibility without written records.

Why Children Become Violent

Trauma, experiencing violence, rewards for aggression, difficulties with language/social skills, and unmet needs.

Egocentrism in Young Children

Viewing the world strictly from one's own feelings and needs with little awareness of others' views.

Concrete Thinking in Young Children

Needing to see disputed objects physically while talking and problem-solving.

Six Steps in Conflict Mediation

Approach calmly, acknowledge feelings, gather information, re-state problem, ask for solutions, and provide follow-up support.

4 Structure of 'I' Statements

I Feel (emotion), When (exact action), Because (effect of behavior), I need/would like (clear change).

Circles in Restorative Practices

Used proactively to build community and relationships, or reactively to respond to wrongdoings and conflicts.

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)

Process for resolving conflicts outside of court using methods like negotiation, mediation, and arbitration.

Mediation Definition

Intervention into a dispute by an impartial and neutral third party who assists parties in voluntarily reaching an agreement.

Six Stages of Mediation

Opening statement, disclosure, joint discussion to identify options, private caucus, joint negotiation, and written settlement & agreement.

Role of the Mediator

A neutral professional who encourages dialogue, identifies issues, holds caucuses, and helps parties evaluate alternatives without making decisions.

Advantages of Mediation

Provides a win-win situation, helps maintain ongoing relationships, avoids litigation, and saves time and privacy.

Disadvantages of Mediation

Face-to-face meetings can be intimidating, lacks legal precedents, strong-willed mediators can affect resolution, and decisions are non-binding.

Core Principles of Restorative Justice

Relationship, voluntarism, victim-centered empowerment, meaningful accountability, dialogue, community involvement, and respect/neutrality.

Restorative Opportunities Program

Run by the Correctional Service of Canada to allow victims and offenders to engage in voluntary, facilitated dialogue for federal crimes.

Healing Lodges

Use traditional Indigenous ceremonies and Elder guidance to foster personal healing instead of purely punitive confinement.

Community Based Diversion

Sentencing circles and victim-offender mediation services operating across provinces and territories to divert people from prisons.

Mediation Stage 7: Defining Issues and Setting an Agenda

Identify broad topic areas, obtain agreement on issues, and determine the sequence of discussion.

Mediation Stage 8: Uncovering Hidden Interests

Identify substantive and procedural interests and educate parties about each other's needs.

Mediation Stage 9: Generating Options for Settlement

Build awareness of options, lower commitment to single positions, and use brainstorming and dialogue.

Mediation Stage 10: Assessing Options for Settlement

Review party interests, assess how options meet interests, and analyze costs and benefits.

Mediation Stage 11: Final Bargaining

Bring interests together, generate will to compromise, and create an agreement or Memorandum of Understanding.

Mediation Stage 12: Achieving Formal Settlement

Identify procedural steps to operationalize the agreement, establish monitoring, and create enforcement mechanisms.

UK Youth Justice Legislation for RJ

Includes the Crime and Disorder Act, Youth Criminal Evidence Act, and Data Protection Act.

Restorative Justice Personnel and Stakeholders

Police, social workers, courts, probation officers, youth, trained/volunteer mediators, families, schools, and churches.

Practical RJ Suggestions for Youth

Helping fire stations, special needs facilities, farms/gardens, addressing graffiti, and writing letters of apology.

RJ with Victims and Adult Offenders

Prohibition-led mediation, victim-offender groups, community mediation, and conditional cautions under the Criminal Justice Act 2003.

Adult Community Justice Mechanisms

Includes community justice panels, community justice boards, adult restoration services, and resettlement support.

Flexible and Authentic RJ Practices

Provides flexibility for individuals, organizations, and communities to resolve issues, utilizing real case studies.