Pharm exam2 prototype drugs

Nitroglycerin

Vasodilator that reduces preload and afterload to relieve chest pain quickly.

Hydrochlorothiazide

Thiazide diuretic that inhibits Na⁺/Cl⁻ reabsorption to promote diuresis.

Furosemide

Loop diuretic that inhibits Na⁺/K⁺/Cl⁻ transport, leading to significant diuresis.

Spironolactone

K⁺-sparing diuretic and aldosterone antagonist that helps retain potassium.

Metoprolol

Beta-1 blocker that lowers heart rate and blood pressure.

Prazosin

Alpha-1 blocker that causes vasodilation and can lead to orthostatic hypotension.

Valsartan

Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that promotes vasodilation and lowers blood pressure.

Amlodipine

Calcium channel blocker that inhibits Ca²⁺ influx, reducing blood pressure.

Heparin

Anticoagulant that inhibits thrombin and factor Xa to prevent clot formation.

Warfarin

Anticoagulant that inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, requiring INR monitoring.

Clopidogrel

Antiplatelet agent that blocks ADP-mediated aggregation of platelets.

Alteplase

Thrombolytic that converts plasminogen to plasmin to dissolve clots.

Atorvastatin

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor that lowers cholesterol and may affect liver function.

Cilostazol

Antiplatelet and vasodilator that increases cAMP in platelets to improve walking.

Nitroglycerin's story

A mnemonic about quickly relieving chest pain by opening 'roads' for blood.

Hydrochlorothiazide's story

A mnemonic focusing on clearing salt & water but losing potassium.

Furosemide's story

A mnemonic illustrating excessive urination causing dizziness and potassium loss.

Spironolactone's story

A mnemonic about a nun guarding potassium while ignoring fluid overload.

Metoprolol's story

A mnemonic about calming the heart rate and reducing workload.

Prazosin's story

A mnemonic about potential syncope after the first dose when standing.

Valsartan's story

A mnemonic depicting a knight blocking the angiotensin monster.

Amlodipine's story

A mnemonic related to swelling of ankles while floating down a river.

Heparin's story

A mnemonic about preventing clots but risking bleeding.

Warfarin's story

A mnemonic about the dietary restrictions to keep blood thin.

Clopidogrel's story

A mnemonic regarding preventing platelets from sticking.

Alteplase's story

A mnemonic portraying a jackhammer busting clots but risking too much damage.

Atorvastatin's story

A mnemonic about a statue guarding arteries with risks of muscle pain.

Cilostazol's story

A mnemonic about enabling smooth walking by managing blood flow.

Monitoring for Nitroglycerin

Monitor BP, HR, chest pain, headache, and ECG.

Monitoring for Hydrochlorothiazide

Monitor electrolytes, BP, I&O, and weight.

Monitoring for Furosemide

Monitor electrolytes, BP, I&O, hearing, and weight.

Monitoring for Spironolactone

Monitor potassium levels, renal function, and BP.

Monitoring for Metoprolol

Monitor heart rate, blood pressure, bradycardia, and glucose levels.

Monitoring for Prazosin

Monitor blood pressure, heart rate, and orthostatic signs.

Monitoring for Valsartan

Monitor blood pressure, potassium levels, and renal function.

Monitoring for Amlodipine

Monitor blood pressure, heart rate, and edema.

Monitoring for Heparin

Monitor aPTT, platelets for HIT, and signs of bleeding.

Monitoring for Warfarin

Monitor INR/PT, signs of bleeding, and dietary vitamin K.

Monitoring for Clopidogrel

Monitor CBC, signs of bleeding, and gastrointestinal symptoms.

Monitoring for Alteplase

Monitor bleeding signs, fibrinogen levels, and neuro checks.

Monitoring for Atorvastatin

Monitor liver enzymes, CK levels, and muscle pain.

Monitoring for Cilostazol

Monitor platelets, signs of bleeding, and walking improvement.