Virtualization and Cloud Environments 2.1-5

What is a hypervisor?

Software that creates and manages virtual machines using physical hardware resources.

What is a virtual machine (VM)?

A virtual computer that runs its own operating system.

What is a Type 1 hypervisor?

Runs directly on physical hardware without a host operating system.

What is a Type 2 hypervisor?

Runs as an application on top of a host operating system.

What is a container?

A lightweight isolated environment that runs an application and its dependencies using the host OS kernel.

What is a container runtime?

Software that creates and manages containers on a host operating system.

What is Docker?

A container runtime that packages applications and dependencies into portable units.

What is OS-level virtualization?

Running multiple isolated user-space environments on one operating system kernel.

What are Linux namespaces?

They isolate resources like processes, networks, users, and file systems between containers.

What are Control Groups (cgroups)?

Linux features that limit and monitor CPU, memory, and disk usage.

What is a Windows Server Container?

A container that shares the Windows kernel while isolating applications.

What is a Hyper-V Container?

A Windows container running inside a lightweight VM for stronger isolation.

What is a cloud operating system?

A platform that manages computing resources across cloud environments.

What is Chrome OS?

A lightweight, cloud-focused OS that primarily runs web-based applications.

What is serverless computing?

Running code in the cloud without managing or provisioning servers.

What is Windows 365?

A Microsoft service that streams a full Windows desktop over the internet.

What are the benefits and challenges of virtualization?

Benefits include efficiency, scalability, and flexibility; challenges include complexity, security, and vendor lock-in.