life science chapter 6

Emotion

a feeling, or affect,

that occurs when a person is

in a state or an interaction

that is important to him/ her

Biological Influences for emotions

Certain regions of the brain as they develop will be
responsible for certain emotional responses. Infants gradually develop the
ability to regulate their emotions, based off gradual maturation of certain
brain regions.

Cognitive Processes for emotions

Mechanisms that will influence the infant's emotional
development. As they mature, will develop cognitive strategies to control
their emotions

Environmental Factors for emotions

A person's environment and experiences in that
environment… Provides diversity in emotional experience. *culture

Primary emotions

emotions present in humans
and other animals. include surprise, interest, joy,
anger, sadness, fear, and disgust.
*will appear in the first 6 months of an infant's life

Self-conscious emotions

requires self-awareness.
Includes emotions like jealousy, empathy,
embarrassment, pride, shame, and guilt.
* will appear around 6+ months or 2nd year of life

Jerome Kagan what was his theory

the structure of an infant brain
makes it unlikely that they will experience
emotions such as guilt, pride, shame, etc

Reciprocal interaction

Parents change their emotional expression
based of the infant’s emotional response and vice-versa.

3 types of cries

basic anger and pain

Reflexive Smile

not in response to stimuli. Will mostly
happen in their sleep

Social Smile

in response to stimuli, like a face.
Can begin to occur at 2mths of age

The most typical situation of fear

stranger anxiety.

Separation Protest

emotions that come with separating from a caregiver, will usually
cry

Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas theory

3 types of temperament

3 types of temperament

easy child, difficult child, slow to warm up child

key aspects to personality
development

trust, the development of self, independence

Erik Erikson theory

stresses the psychosocial aspects of
development

Ross Thompson theory

infants are
socioemotional beings, they
have a strong interest in the
others and are curious

“reading” emotional cues in others to determine HOW to act in that
situation

Infants will become better at this during their 2nd year of life

Phase 1 attachment

From birth to 2 months. Infants instinctively direct their
attachment to human figures.

phase 2 attachment

From 2 to 7 months. Attachment becomes focused on one
figure, usually the primary caregiver, as the baby gradually learns to
distinguish familiar from unfamiliar people

phase 3 attachment

From 7 to 24 months. Specific attachments develop. With
increased locomotor skills, babies actively seek contact with regular
caregivers, such as the mother or father.

phase 4 attachment

From 24 months on. Children become aware of others’
feelings, goals, and plans and begin to take these into account in
forming their own actions

Insecure attachments

insecure avoidant, insecure resistant, insecure disorganized

Insecure Avoidant

avoid caregiver

Insecure Resistant

often cling to caregiver then resist

Insecure Disorganized

In strange situation may seem confused or fearful

Scaffolding

parental behavior that SUPPORTS the children’s efforts,
allowing them to be more skillful