lec 4 energy concepts

if two different density substances come into contact and one is acting as a fluid or gas

substance with lower density will float

energy

capacity to do work in the form of motion

kinetic energy measured with

temperature - avg speed of atoms or molecules in substance

convective available potential energy

atmosphere’s capacity to support the upward air movement involved in precip formation

heat transfer

heat flowing from a warmer to a colder object when brought into contacth

heat transfer is faster when

the temp difference is greater

conduction

energy transferred through direct contact (warmer substance energy causes colder substance to vibrate faster)

convection

heat transfer through mass movement of a liquid/gas (less dense hot substance rises above, starts circulating)

radiation

energy transmitted from one substance to another through EM wavesra

radiative energy is only released when

the radiation is absorbed by an objet (not as the waves travel)

smaller wavelengths have _ energy than longer

more

substances emitting EM radiation produce more of

a specific wavelength than others

stefan-boltzmann law

as temp increases, exponentially more total radiation is emitted each second

wien’s law

as temp increases, the peak wavelength becomes shorterra

radiative equilibrium temperature

that which comes from the balance between heat energy transferred to the planet and heat energy lost to space