26.2 MEDSCI 320 - Block 4 Drugs List

insulin [class]

Endogenous hormone substitute

metformin [class]

Biguanide

tolbutamide [class]

Sulfonylurea

vildagliptin [class]

DDP-4 inhibitor

semaglutide [class]

GLP-1 Agonist

dulaglutide [class]

GLP-1 Agonist

dapagliflozin [class]

SGLT2 inhibitor

diphenhydramine [class]

Antihistamine

loratidine [class]

Antihistamine

prednisone [class]

Glucocorticoid

dexamethasone [class]

Glucocorticoid

omalizumab [class]

Biologic (monoclonal antibody)

infliximab [class]

TNF-alpha blocker

lignocaine (lidocaine) [class]

Local Anaesthetic (amide)

bupivacaine [class]

Local Anaesthetic (amide)

cocaine [class]

Local Anaesthetic (ester)

propofol [class]

General Anaesthetic

thiopentone [class]

General Anaesthetic

ketamine [class]

General Anaesthetic

clonidine [class]

Alpha-2 Agonist

morphine [class]

Opioid

fentanyl [class]

Opioid

aspirin [class]

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory (NSAID)

ibuprofen [class]

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory (NSAID)

diclofenac [class]

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory (NSAID)

paracetamol [class]

Anti-Inflammatory

insulin [MoA]

Direct substitute for endogenous insulin; binds insulin receptor to promote response to glucose

metformin [MoA]

Inhibits mitochondrial function, inhibits AMP kinase to reduce hepatic gluconeogenesis

tolbutamide [MoA]

Blocks KATP channels in pancreas to stimulate insulin release

vildagliptin [MoA]

inhibits DPP-4 protease enzyme that normally breaks dowm GLP-1

semaglutide [MoA]

Recombinant GLP-1, acts on GLP-1 receptors to stimulate insulin secretion and decrease glucagon secretion

dulaglutide [MoA]

Recombinant GLP-1, acts n GLP-1 receptors to stimulate insulin secretion and decrease glucagon secretion

dapagliflozin [MoA]

Block glucose reuptake from kidney via SGLT2 so excess glucose excreted in urine

diphenhydramine [MoA]

H1 antagonist, blocking effects of histamine released from mast cells, crosses BBB so causes drowsiness

loratidine [MoA]

H1 antagonist, blocking effects of histamine released from mast cells, does not cross BBB so no drowsiness

prednisone [MoA]

Mix of non-receptor signalling and GR receptor effects on transcription of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules

dexamethasone [MoA]

Mix of non-receptor signalling and GR receptor effects on transcription of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules

omalizumab [MoA]

Decoy for IgE receptor, stops IgE binding to and activating mast cells

infliximab [MoA]

Monoclonal antibody that binds TNF-alpha, preventing its action

lignocaine (lidocaine) [MoA]

Stabilizes inactive form of sodium channel, decreasing firing of nerve fibres

bupivacaine [MoA]

Stabilizes inactive form of sodium channel, decreasing firing of nerve fibres

cocaine [MoA]

Stabilizes inactive form of sodium channel, decreasing firing of nerve fibres; also causes vasocontriction

propofol [MoA]

Postive allosteric modulator at GABAa, increases frequency of chloride channel opening

thiopentone [MoA]

Postive allosteric modulator at GABAa, increases frequency of chloride channel opening

ketamine [MoA]

NMDA receptor antagonist + many actions at other receptors

clonidine [MoA]

Agonist at alpha-2 receptors in spinal cord, promotes descending inhibitory pathway

morphine [MoA]

Inhibits calcium influx, decreases cAMP and opens K+ channels

fentanyl [MoA]

Inhibits calcium influx, decreases cAMP and opens K+ channels

aspirin [MoA]

Inhibits cyclooxygenase, decreasing prostaglandin synthesis

ibuprofen [MoA]

Inhibits cyclooxygenase, decreasing prostaglandin synthesis

diclofenac [MoA]

Inhibits cyclooxygenase, decreasing prostaglandin synthesis

paracetamol [MoA]

Inhibits cyclooxygenase, possibly primarily centrally but not entirely clear