Chapter 16 Skin - Med tech

Skin

Integumentary system, weighs 8 to 10 lbs., cover 22sq. Ft. In the average adult, largest organ of the body.

Function of Skin

Provides protective membrane, skin glands lubricate and cool the skin, receptor for sensations, helps maintain body temperature.

Produces Sweat

Sweat glands produce a watery secretion that evaporates and cools.

Produces sebum

Sebaceous glands produce an oily secretion that lubricates the skin and hair.

Receives sensation

Pain, tempetrue, pressure and touch

Thermoreglates

Interprets message from heat center in the brain

Epidermis

Outermost, thin cellular membrane

Dermis

Next layer; dense fibrous connective tissue

Subcutaneous tissue

Thick, fat-containing tissue

basal layer

The innermost layer of the epidermis

Stratum corneum

The outermost layer of the epidermis

Melanocytes

A highly differentiated cell that produces a pigment melanin inside melanosomes.

Hair follicles

Shafts that hold the hair. Five million hairs on the body 100,000 on the head.

Sebaceous gland

Secrete oily sebum into the hair follicle to lubricate. Subject to bacterial growth.

Sweat glands

Secrete into pores to moisten and cool. Subject to bacterial growth.

Albino

A person or animal having a congenital absence of pigment in the skin and hair (which are white) and the eyes (which are usually pink)

Eccrine glands

Are the most common and are found all over the surface of the body. They are most numerous on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

Apocrine glands

Apocrine glands are common in armpits and groin area. Swear from the apocrine glands does not evaporate as quickly and can lead to foul body odor. Apocrine sweat is often a result of emotional stress or anxiety.

Collagen

Most abundant protein in your body. it accounts for about 30% of your body’s total protein. Is the most primary building block of your body’s skin muscles bones tendons and ligaments and other connective tissues. It also found in your organs, blood vessels and intestinal lining.

Cuticle

Cuticle are a thin layer of clear dead skin located at the nail bed. As your nail grows it rips the underside of the skin at the base of your nail which is called the eponychium, between the epoychium and the nail plate is whee the cuticle forms.

Basal layer

Deepest region of the epidermis; gives rise to all the epidermal cells.

Collagen

Structural protein found in the skin and connective tissue.

Cuticle structural

Band of epidermis at the base and sides of the nail plate.

Dermis

Middl layer of the skin

Eccrine sweat gland

Most numerous sweat-reducing exocrine gland in skin

Epidermis

Outermost layer of the skin

Epithelium

Layer of skin cells forming the outer and inner surfaces of the body.

Hair follicle

Sac within which each hair grows

Integumentary system

The skin and its accessory structures such as hair and nails.

Keratin

Hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair and nails

Lunula

Half-moon-shaped whitish area at the base of a nail

Melanin

Skin pigment formed by melanocytes in the epidermis

Paronychium

Soft tissue surrounding the nail border

Pore

Tiny opening of the surface o the skin

Sebaceous gland

Oil secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles.

Sebum

Oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands

Squamous epithelium

Flat, scale-like cells composing the epidermis

Stratified

Arranged in layers

Startum

A layer of cells

Startum corneum

Outermost layer of the epidermis; consists of flattened, keratinized cells.

Subcutaneous layer

Innnermost layer of the skin, containing fat tissue.

Adip/o

Fat

Albin/o

White

Caus/o

Burn, burning

Cauter/o

Heat, burn

Cutane/o

Skin

Derm/o

Skin

Dermat/o

Skin

Diaphor/o

Profuse sweating

Erythem/o

Redness

Erythemat/o

Redness

Hidr/o

Sweat

Ichthy/o

Scaly, dry

Kerat/o

Hard, horny tissue

Leuk/o

White

Lip/o

Fat

Melan/o

Black

Myc/o

Fungus

Onych/o

Nail

Phyt/o

Plant

Pil/o

Hair, hair follicle

Py/o

Pus

Rhythid/o

Wrinkle

Seb/o

Sebum

Squam/o

Scale-like

Steat/o

Fat

Trich/o

Hair

Ungu/o

Nail

Xanth/o

Yellow

Xer/o

Dry

Eczema

Crust (scab)

Cyst

Round lumps often fllled with fluid or pus

Erosion

Breakdown of the outer layer of the skin

Fissure

Skin fissures are split in the skin usually to the point of bleeding

Macule

A macule is a flat, distinct, discolored area of skin.

Nodule

Growth of abnormal tissue

Papule

Is a raised area of skin tissue that’s less than 1 centimeter around.

Pustule

Red bumps with white or yellowish centers

Ulcer

Skin ulcers are open round sores. They develop when blood can’t flow to an injury.

Vesicle

A thin-walled sac filled with a fluid usally clear and small

Wheal

A raised itchy area of skin that is sometimes an overt sign of allergy

Alopecia

He absence of hair where it normally grows

Trich

Somone cannot resist the urge to pull out the hair.

Ecchymosis

Blue-purple marks on the skin leaking of blood from blood vessels into the subcutaneous tissues that underlies the skin.

Petchia

Small pinpoint hemorrhage cause by a fungus or infection

Urticaria

An acute allergic reaction with red round wheals on the skin

Acne

Popular and pustular eruption of skin with increased production of sebum

Comedo

A clogged hair follicle in the skin, is an open blackhead

Burns

Injury tissue due to heat chemical electric shock, lighting or radiation. Second degree burn shown in figure.

First degree burns

Affect the epidermis or outer layer of skin

Second degree

Blisters and some thickening of the skin

Third degree

Widespread thickness with a white leathery appearenece.

Cellulitis

A diffuse acute infection of the skin

Eczema

Inflammation of the skin with erythmatous and papulovesiscular lesion caused by allergy

Exnthematous viral disease

A rash due to a virus

Gangrene

The death of tissue with loss of blood supply

Tinea

Infection of the skin caused by a fungus

Vitiligo

Loss of pigment in areas of he skin

Impetigo

Contagious pyoderma caused by straph or strep

Psoriasis

Chronic recurrent dermatitis with silver gray scales that itch