PART 1: Quick Notes to Recognise & Learn *Chapter: Weathering the Storm in Ersama - By Harsh Mander* *1. The Cyclone:* - Date: 27 October 1999, super cyclone hit coastal Orissa (Ersama). - Prashant, a 19-year-old boy, had gone to his friend's house in Ersama, 18 km from his village Kalikuda. - Wind speed was 350 km/hr. For 36 hours the destruction continued. - Prashant and his friend's family took shelter on the roof. They survived on tender coconuts. *2. The Journey Back:* - After 2 days, rain receded. Prashant took a long sturdy stick and started his 18 km journey back through flood water. - The journey was macabre - he saw dead bodies of men, women, children and animal carcasses floating. - He met two friends of his uncle on the way. *3. Reaching Kalikuda:* - He found only the remains of his house roof. He thought his family was dead and wept. - He went to the Red Cross shelter to find them. *4. At The Shelter:* - First person he saw was his maternal grandmother - weak with hunger, it was a miracle. His whole extended family was alive. - In his village: 96 houses washed away, 86 lives lost. 2500 people in the shelter, survived on green coconuts for 4 days. *5. Prashant Becomes a Leader:* - *Day 4:* Organized youths & elders, pressurized the rice merchant and got rice (even though rotting) for everyone. Cleaned the shelter of filth, urine, vomit, carcasses. - *Day 5:* Military helicopter dropped food but didn't return. Prashant made children lie in the sand with empty utensils on their stomachs to signal "hungry" to helicopters. It worked. - *Next Weeks:* Made a polythene shelter for orphaned children, women to look after them, men to arrange food. - Healed grief: Started food-for-work program by an NGO for women, and organized cricket matches for children. - *6 Months Later:* Government plan was to make institutions for orphans and widows. Prashant's group resisted it, saying children would grow without love and suffer stigma. They suggested foster families - childless widows + orphans. Moral: Selfless service heals pain. His youthful, handsome face became the most sought-after in the village in their darkest hour. PART 2: Ready-to-Import Flashcards (Q&A) *Q1: When did the super cyclone hit Orissa?* A: On 27 October 1999 *Q2: Where had Prashant gone?* A: To block headquarters Ersama, 18 km from his village Kalikuda, to spend a day with a friend *Q3: What was the wind velocity?* A: 350 km per hour *Q4: How did Prashant's friend's family survive for 2 days on the roof?* A: They ate tender coconuts from two coconut trees that fell on their roof - a blessing in disguise *Q5: How did Prashant find his way back home?* A: With a long sturdy stick to locate the road and check water depth *Q6: What macabre scenes did he see while wading?* A: Many human bodies and carcasses of dogs, goats, cattle floating *Q7: What did he find in Kalikuda?* A: Only remnants of his house roof, belongings tangled in tree branches *Q8: Where did he find his family?* A: In the Red Cross shelter *Q9: Who was the first person he met in the shelter?* A: His maternal grandmother *Q10: How many houses and lives were lost in his village?* A: All 96 houses washed away, 86 lives lost *Q11: How many people were in the shelter and how long did they survive on coconuts?* A: 2500 people, 4 days on green coconuts *Q12: What was his first task as a leader?* A: Got rice from the merchant by organizing a youth delegation and cleaned the shelter *Q13: How did they communicate hunger to the helicopter?* A: They deputed children to lie in the sand around the shelter with empty utensils on their stomachs *Q14: What did he do for the orphaned children?* A: Brought them together in a polythene sheet shelter, mobilized women to care for them *Q15: How did he help widows and children overcome grief?* A: Persuaded women to join food-for-work program of an NGO, organized cricket matches and sports for children *Q16: What was the government plan and why did Prashant resist it?* A: Plan was to set up institutions for orphans and widows. He resisted because children would grow without love and suffer stigma and loneliness. He proposed resettlement in own community in foster families of childless widows.

Brown v. Board of Education

A landmark Supreme Court case in 1954 that declared that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.

Inherently unequal

A concept established by the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education, indicating that segregation in education violates the Equal Protection Clause.