1) polysaccharides

Monomer defintion

Small units from which larger moleculesare made

Polymer defintion

Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together

What are the 3 monomers?

Monsoaccharides

Amino acids

Nucleotides

What are the 5 polymers?

Starch

Cellulose

Glycogen

Protein

DNA + RNA

What are the 3 monosaccharides?

Glucose

Galactose

Sucrose

What is a condensation reaction?

Joins 2 molecules together

With formation of chemical bond

Involves Elimination of a water molecule

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Breaks chemical bond

Between 2 molecules

Involves the use of a water molecule

3 carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

Disaccharides

Polsyaccharides

What are the 3 monosaccharides?

Glucose

Galactose

Sucrose

What are the 3 disaccharides?

Sucrose

Maltese

Lactose

What are the 3 polysaccharides?

Starch

Cellulose

Glycogen

Glucose are…

Isomers

They havethe same molecular formula, different structure

What are the 2 types of glucose

Alpha and beta

What is a hydroxyl group?

OH

What bond is formed in a condensation reaction?

A 1-4 glycosidic bond

What happens in a hydrolysis reaction?

Splits molecules back to original monsoaccharides

What are polysaccharides?

Created by condensation reactions between many glucose monomers

Where is starch found /store

Plants

Store of glucose

Where is cellulose found / store?

Plants

Used for structural strength

Where is glycogen found/ store?

Animals

Store of glucose

Starch blurt

Monomers - alpha glucose

Bond between monomers - 1-4 glycosidic bond in amylase and 1-4 and 1-6 in amylopectin

Function - store of glucose

Location - plant cells ( eg chloroplasts)

Structure ( made of 2 polymers amylase and amylopectin) amylase is an unbrached helix and amylopectin is a branched molecule

Explanation of structure -

helix can compact to fit alot of glucose in a small space

Branched structure increases SA for rapid hydrolysis back to glucose

Insoluble ( wont affect WP)

Starch blurt

Monomers -

Bond between monomers

Function -

Location -

Structure

Explanation of structure -

Monomers - alpha glucose

Bond between monomers - 1-4 glycosidic bond in amylase and 1-4 and 1-6 in amylopectin

Function - store of glucose

Location - plant cells ( eg chloroplasts)

Structure ( made of 2 polymers amylase and amylopectin) amylase is an unbrached helix and amylopectin is a branched molecule

Explanation of structure -

helix can compact to fit alot of glucose in a small space

Branched structure increases SA for rapid hydrolysis back to glucose

Insoluble ( wont affect WP)

Cellulose BLURT

Monomers - beta glucose

Bond between monomers - 1-4 glycosidic bonds

Function- structure strength for cell wall

Location - plants ( cell wall)

Structure -

polymer forms long straight chains

Chains are held in parallel by many hydrogen bonds to form fibrils

Explanation of how structure leads to function-

many hydrogen bonds provide collective strength

Insoluble ( wont affect WP)

Cellulose blurt

Monomers -

Bond between monomers -

Function-

Location -

Structure -

Explanation of how structure leads to function-

Monomers - beta glucose

Bond between monomers - 1-4 glycosidic bonds

Function- structure strength for cell wall

Location - plants ( cell wall)

Structure -

polymer forms long straight chains

Chains are held in parallel by many hydrogen bonds to form fibrils

Explanation of how structure leads to function-

many hydrogen bonds provide collective strength

Insoluble ( wont affect WP)

Glycogen blurt

Monomers -

Bond between monomers -

Function-

Location -

Structure

Explanation of how structure leads to function-

Monomer - alpha

Bond between monomers -glycosidic

Function - store of glucose

Location - animals - mainly in Liver and muscle cells

Structure - a highly branched molecule

Explanation of how the structure leads to a function-

Branched structure increases SA for rapid hydrolysis back to glucose

Insoluble - won't affect water potential