Ch. 28: Activity/Mobility/Safe Movement

Introduction to Movement & Mobility

• Movement affects physical health and psychological well-being
• Activity and immobility influence multiple body systems
• Nurses support patients in achieving their highest level of independent function
• Understanding activity, immobility, and safe movement is essential to nursing practice

Musculoskeletal System: Structure & Function

• Framework for movement
• Five types of bones: long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
• Bones protect organs and help regulate calcium/phosphorus
• Blood cell production occurs in bones
• Skeletal muscles provide stability, posture, and movement
• Ligaments connect bone to bone; tendons connect muscle to bone
• Joints classified as: fibrous (immobile), cartilaginous (slightly mobile), synovial
(movable)

Nervous System & Movement

• Controls voluntary movement, posture, balance, and gait
• Cerebral cortex regulates motor activity
• Cerebellum coordinates movement
• Right brain controls left side of body; left brain controls right side
• Neurotransmitters communicate nerve impulses to muscles
• Proprioception and inner ear function help maintain balance

Cardiopulmonary System & Movement

• Provides oxygen and nutrients to all body tissues
• Adequate circulation and
oxygenation are required for
movement and exercise