Classics 10: Discovering The Greeks Kirkland UCLA Midterm & Final
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96 Terms
rhyton
Def: a ritual vessel in the shape of a figure or an animal
Ex: Bull's Head Rhyton from Knossos
Date: The Bronze Age
megaron
Def: a single larger building at the center of the settlement. Thought to have been used for sacrificial processions, royal functions, and court meetings
Ex: Megaron at Dimini
Date: Neolithic Greece
pithos
Def: Term for large storage vessels.
Ex: Used for purposeful accumulation of surplus goods to create balance in society in redistribution economy
Date: The Bronze Age
wanax
Def: Mycenaean term for king
Ex: Used to describe Agamemnon
Date: The Bronze Age
lawagetas
Def: Mycenaean term for a high ranking person; official just below wanax
Ex: N/A
Date: The Bronze Age
doeroi/doerai
Def: Mycenaean term for slaves
Ex: Perfume manufacturing workers, textile workers
Date: The Bronze Age
krater
Def: a large vessel used for mixing wine, serving bowl
Ex: used by elites at symposium; spartan Vix Krater
Date: N/A
tholos
Def: Mycenaean circular tombs
Ex: Fortress site at Mycenae: "Treasury of Atreus"
Date: The Bronze Age
dromos
Def: Entrance/passageway to a tholos/tomb
Ex: Fortress site at Mycenae: "Treasury of Atreus"
Date: The Bronze Age
basileus
Def: King, prince
Ex: Spartan government: dual kingship--one is check on other, one stays home if other fighting, chief priests
Date: N/A
xenia
Def: how to treat a guest-friend, spirit of hospitality
Ex: Glacus and Diomedes: opposed each other on the battle field of the Trojan War but decided not to fight
Date: N/A
arête
Def: virute, excellence
Ex: Olympics are one way to reach for "arete" and glory
Date: N/A
oikos
Def: Term for household, patriarchal family unit that also includes servants and slaves
Ex: Odysseus was head of his oikos and was trying to return to it within the Odyssey
Date: N/A
kleos aphthiton
Def: phrase meaning "undying fame"
Ex: Achilles sought this within the Iliad, common goal for ancient greek warriors
Date: N/A
klêros (pl. klêroi)
Def: Lots of land assigned to colonists; incentive for people to move
Ex: Colony of Coreyra Melaina's land was divided into one thousand plots
Date: Iron age
metropolis
Def: City from which a colonial expedition had originated/mother-city
Ex: Athens
Date: Iron age
helot
Def: Serfs or slaves of Sparta
Ex: subjugated people from Messenia were some of the helots
Date: Archaic age
polyandry
Def: Having more than one husband
Ex: Women in Sparta were often separated from husbands but allowed polyandry
Date: Archaic age
agoge
Def: The Spartan military school that boys began attending at the age of seven
Ex: N/A
Date: Archaic age
Syssitia (pl. syssition)
Def: Communal mess hall in which Spartan warriors dined
Ex: N/A
Date: archaic age
homoioi
Def: "Equals"
Ex: spartan aristocracy; male citizens of Sparta
Date: Archaic age
krypteia
Def: Spy system charged with controlling and terrorizing helots in Sparta
Ex: N/A
Date: Archaic age
eunomia
Def: "Good order"
Ex: Spartans claimed their political and communal life was based on this
Date: Archaic age
ephors
Def: Spartan judicial magistrates; elected annually as king's supervisors
Ex: N/A
Date: archaic age
aristoi
Def: "Best man"
Ex: Term for elite of greek polis, aristocratic families
Date: Archaic age
misotyrannos
Def: "tyrant hating"
Ex: Spartans boasted they were this; illustrated by Spartan contribution to expulsion of Peisistartids
Date: Archaic age
stasis
Def: Internal civil conflict
Ex: characterization of tensions in Sparta between the helots and elite because elite faced constant threat of revolt from helots
Date: Archaic age
ephebes
Def: male youths, completing first military service in Sparta
Ex: N/A
Date: Archaic age
xenelasia
Def: annual expulsion of foreigners
Ex: custom of Sparta in order to prevent radical ideas and customs
Date: archaic age
asty
Def: inner-city, urban center of polis
Ex: Downtown Athens
Date: N/A
polis
Def: entire city state, including surrounding agricultural and pastoral land
Ex: Sparta
Date: Archaic age
ostrakon
Def: A broken piece of clay pottery used for writing.
Ex: In Athens, used as tablets for inscribing the name of candidates for ostracism
Date: Archaic age
thetes
Def: Athenian poorest class of Solonian constitution
Ex: Achilles' ghost would rather be a thete than rule over dead
Date: Archaic age
ostracism
Def: Instituted under Athenian democracy; Athenians could expel a leading figure for ten years, don't lose citizenship + property
Ex: Megakles, nephew of Kleisthenes was ostracized
Date: Archaic age
phyle
Def: "tribe"
Ex: one of the subdivisions of the ancient greek polis; Athenian democratic reform where old tribes replaced with 10 new tribes (phylae)
Date: N/A
trittys (pl trittyes)
Def: "third"
Ex: After Kleisthenes' reorganization of Athens the ten tribes (phylae) were each composed of three trittyes, each from different geographic location
Date: N/A
Dionysia
Def: a large civic festival in ancient Athens in honor of the god Dionysus, the theatrical performances of dramatic tragedies and comedies
Ex: N/A
Date: classical age
Ethne (sing. ethnos)
Def: communities who asserted a common ethnic identity
Ex: Aitolians of western Greece claimed to be descended from a common ancestor, Aitolos
Date: Iron age
atimos
Def: "dishonored"
Ex: Punishment for former attempted tyrants under Solon's reforms: not allowed to hold office, social life is gone, politically done; stripped of all rights of protection
Date: Archaic age
Panathenaia
Def: Yearly festival held in Athens which commemorated patron goddess Athena, open to all Athenians regardless of regional identity
Ex: N/A
Date: classical age
deme
Def: villages and townships; formed smaller subdivisions of Athenian citizenry
Ex: Marathon was a deme
Date: Archaic age
hektêmoroi
Def: "one-sixth men"
Ex: it was used to describe the poor sharecroppers who had failed into debt bondage who were forced to pay 1/6 of their products to owners of they worked
Date: Archaic age
seisachtheia
Def: "shaking off of burdens": a canceling of debts
Ex: One of Solon's reforms to moderate strife by relieving debts of hektêmoroi
Date: Archaic age
rhapsode
Def: Stitcher of songs
Ex: profession in ancient Greece to recite the Homeric poems from memory.
Date: N/A
medize
Def: "to submit to Persia"; those who had sided with Persia during wars
Ex: Thebes
Date: classical age
hubris
Def: excessive pride/confidence
Ex: What tragic heroes such as Achilles had
Date: N/A
Marathonomachoi
Def: Men who fought at the Battle of Marathon whose deeds in battle against Persians won them cult offerings in Athens
Ex: N/A
Date: Classical age
aparchai
Def: Literally "first fruits"
Ex: Athenians called the 1/60th of the tribute from Delian League members that they dedicated to Athena
Date: Classical age
dokimasia
Def: process where candidates for office were vetted in Athenian democracy
Ex: "One cannot have sold himself for sexual pleasure to another man"
Date: Classical Age
eupatridai
Def: Literally, "those descended from good fathers"
Ex: What wealthy and highborn families of Athens called themselves.
Date: Archaic age
Hellenotamiai
Def: Treasurers of the Greeks
Ex: Assessed the allies of the Delian League's tributes
Date: Classical age
klerosis ek prokritôn
Def: The process in the Athenian Democracy in which archons were randomly selected from a list of eligible candidates
Ex: N/A
Date: Classical Age
misthos
Def: Payment for serving on juries of the Athenian democracy
Ex: N/A
Date: Classical age
logistai
Def: In democratic Athens, the officers who served as public accountants
Ex: Were required to publish a yearly audit
Date: classical age
phoros
Def: Tribute tax paid by members of Delian league to Athens; created friction in alliances
Ex: Could be money or ships
Date: Classical age; after Greco Persian wars
politeia
Def: arrangement of laws and extent of franchise
Ex: N/A
Date: classical age
prytanis (pl. prytaneis)
Def: Names for the fifty council members who served as presidents of Boulê for the one-month period
Ex: N/A
Date: Classical age
theorikon
Def: A state fund of the Athenian democracy that subsidized theater tickets for those too poor to afford the price
Ex: N/A
Date: classical age
dithyrambs
Def: choral song or hymn in tragedy, often in honor of Dionysus
Ex: N/A
Date: classical age
doulos (pl.douloi)
Def: category of slave in ancient greece
Ex: miners, field workers, cleaners, gardeners, and harvesters
Date: Classical age
engyê
def: greek word for marriage that means betrothal and contract; contract between man and brides father
ex: Ischomachos and his wife had this type of marriage
date: classical age
entasis
def: In classical architecture, the slight swelling or bulge in the center of a column
ex: in parthenon
date: classical age
erastes
Def: "the lover," older (beared) male in a relationship with a younger male, is the active partner seeking out relationship
Ex: Aristogeiton was the erastes of Harmodius
Date: classical age
eromenos
Def: "the beloved," younger (unbearded) male in a relationship with an older male, is the passive partner
Ex: Harmodius was the eromenos of Aristogeiton
Date: classical age
hetairai
Def: "female companions"
Ex: high class escorts who were often entertainers at symposia in Athens
Date: classical age
kalos
Def: beautiful, noble
Ex: used by erastes to describe desirable eromenos
Date: N/A
Koniopodes
Def: literally "dusty feet"
Ex: the term used to describe the agricultural slaves of Epidauros
Date: classical age
liturgy
def: in democratic Athens, public services in which wealthy citizens were required to pay the cost of
ex: payment included finance of dramatic chorus
date: classical age
oiketai
Def: Household slaves
Ex: porters, cookers, bakers but also tutors, shoppers, personal assistants etc
Date: N/A
porne
Def: lower class prostitute
Ex: N/A
Date: classical age
scholê
Def: leisurely pursuits
Ex: pursuits of elite of classical athens; ability to write plays, poetry, philosophize
Date: classical age
stichomythia
def: rapid exchange of dialogue between characters in a tragedy
ex: ismene and antigone
date: classical age
telos
def: literally "the end"
ex: according to Aristotle, the proper function or end of a relationship is mastery, such that mastery defines all relationships and gives them a purpose-- purpose and full potential of a person or thing
date: N/A
asebeia
Def: Greek word meaning "impiety"
Ex: Was a common charge against the sophists and philosophers in Athens; socrates was charged with this
Date: Classical Age
eristics
Def: The study of constructing effective arguments; debate
Ex: Taught by the sophists in Classical Athens
Date: Classical age
gephyrismos
Def: Literally "the Bridge"
Ex: part of the ritual of the Eleusinian Mysteries, where initiates were verbally abused at a river crossing in order to be able to cleanse themselves of the pollution
Date: Classical Age
kinesis
Def: Literally "movement, commotion"
Ex: term used by Thucydides to describe the Peloponnesian War which was the greatest disturbance to him
Date: Classical Age
kykeon
Def: Drink administered to the initiates of the Eleusinian Mysteries to cause hallucination in order to experience appearance of Demeter
Ex: N/A
Date: Classical Age
nemesis
Def: The divine retribution that awaited anyone who committed a sin of hubris
Ex: Herodotos presents the entire Persian campaign has an act of hubris that would activate this retribution
Date: N/A
physis
Def: Greek for "nature"
Ex: included in philosophical speculation; In Sophist tradition, contrasted with human convention, law (ex: nature vs nurture)
Date: N/A
to anthropinon
Def: Literally "the human thing"
Ex: What Thucydides claimed he had interest in, governing principle of history
Date: N/A
to mythodes
Def: "the mythical thing"
Ex: According to Thucydides the element that characterized Herodotos's work; Thucydides says you will not find it in his work, only find the truth
Date: N/A
hoplites and hoplon
Def: Heavily armed infantrymen who drew their name from the large circular shield they carried (hoplon); able to fight in mass formation instead of one-on-one
Ex: Socrates was a hoplite in the Peloponnesian War
Date: Classical Age
herms
Def: statue of a male head, usually Hermes, and large erect phallus
Ex: These were scattered at different points around Athens as signs of divine presence; mutilation of herms before sicilian expedition seen as large omen
Date: Classical Age
epitaphios logos
Def: funeral oration delivered by athenian citizen
Ex: Pericles' Funeral Oration
Date: Classical Age
decarchies
Def: The oligarchies of ten men established by the Spartan Lysander in pro-Athenian democracies that opposed him
Ex: N/A
Date: Classical Age
nous
Def: "intellect, mind"
Ex: element of old comedy: Aristophanes' clouds; In Clouds Socrates hangs in a basket to mix this with the aither
Date: N/A
aither
Def: Greek word for "atmosphere"
Ex: element of Arisophanes' clouds; Where Aristophanes set his windbag-version of Socrates in the comedy Clouds
Date: N/A
elenchos
Def: Method of cross-examination
Ex: Socrates was notorious for this
Date: Classical Age
daimonion
Def: "little spirit"
Ex: Socrates' said he possessed this inner voice of conscience, divine sign
Date: N/A
theios aner
Def: "divine man"
Ex: figure of a person is connected to the gods; Alexander the Great was connected to Zeus; contributed to divinization of Alexander
Date: Classical Age
kairos
Def: "critical moment"
Ex: Defeat of Darius III was this pivotal moment for Greeks
Date: N/A
ataraxia
Def: "lack of disturbance"
Ex: the quality associated with the philosopher Epicurus with the just man;Epicurean and Buddhist interest in being a state of ataraxia
Date: Hellenistic Age
proskynesis
Def: Persian performance of bowing before their superiors
Ex: alexander attempted to introduce to Macedonians but they found it offensive
Date: Classical Age
koinê
Def: the common language
Ex: common greek dialect that emerged; Villager in Egypt complained about how to have a complaint heard by the Greeks the complaint, had to be in Greek
Date: Classical Age
pothos
Def: yearning or desire
Ex: What drove Alexander the Great towards greater acts of conquest
Date: N/A
