LEGAL1: HUMAN RIGHTS

SLAVERY, TRADE UNIONS, SUFFRAGE, EDUCATION, ENVIRONMENT, PEACE, SELF DETERMINATION

what are the 4 considerations of rights

• Universal (extended to all people)

• Inalienable (cannot be denied)

• Indivisible (are of equal importance)

• Inherent (birthright of all people)

define slavery

form of forced labor, treated as legal property of another, slaves are mistreated and brutalised, have no legal rights

where did slave abolition attempts start

in 12th century iceland

what are the 2 slave abolition key dates

• slavery abolition act 1833, (emancipation act), legally ended on british empire

• end of civil war, 1865, abolished slavery in USA with 14th amendment

modern slavery contradictions

Slavery today is in contravention of Article 4 of UDHR (sweatshops, human trafficking)

what are the 2 international agreements established to end slavery worldwide

• 1926: League of Nations slavery Convention passed (international)

• 1948: Banned under Article 4 of the UDHR and Twin Covenants

what happened in 1871 (trade unions)

• trade unions act gave legal status to British trade unions

what happened in 1890’s (trade unions)

• aus trade unions form labor party to achieve minimum wage/working conditions, pay, leave

what happened in end of WW1, 1919 (trade unions)

• international labor organisations formed in gevena, switzerland

what happened in 1927 (trade unions)

• australia council of trade unions (ACTU) established

what is universal suffrage

the right of all people to vote

what happened in 1894 (universal suffrage)

• south australia is first place globally to give women right to vote

what happened in 1902 (universal suffrage)

• australian women nationwide had right to vote

what happened in 1918 (universal suffrage)

• british women had limited voting rights granted

what happened in 1976 (universal suffrage)

• right to vote is recognised in the ICCPR article 25

does universal suffrage still exist

exists in many countries in contravention of Article 21(3) of UDHR

universal suffrage explanation

is not restricted by race, gender, belief, wealth or social status however it is restricted by age, citizenship, criminal conviction, mental capacity

what happened in 1880 (universal education)

• public instruction act: led to government taking control of non catholic church schools making education free, secular, compulsory

what piece of media supports universal education

UDHR (article 26) states rights to a free education that should be compulsory and widely available

what is right to self determination

people of a territory or nation have the right to determine their own political status, right to choose how it will be governed without undue influences from other countries

what first recognised self determination

the UN Charter was the first universal recognition

example of self determination

• ATSI, through community control over land rights, mabo case, native title, have a say over traditional land, maintain connection to country

what media recognises self determination

primary right of ICCESCR

explain environmental rights

UN general assembly recognised in 2022 resolution, right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment as fundamental human right, not explicitly inducted in HR treaties

media involved in envionmental rights

treaties deal with threats, e.g. stockholm declaration, kyoto protocol, rio declaration, UN environment programme states it is enshrined in 100 constitutions

what are peace rights

Establish lasting peace by governments, eliminating nuclear weapons and settling disputes by peaceful means

what happened 1919 (peace rights)

• treaty of Versailles (end of WW1)

• league of nations to promote international cooperation and achieve peace and security

what happened 1945 (peace rights)

UN is formed due to aftermath of WW2 with aim to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, before no concept of peace existed in international law

what happened in 2002 (peace rights)

The ICC has the jurisdiction to try individual people for wars of aggression, war crimes and crimes against the international community