AP European History: Chapter 11 - The Later Middle Ages

Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes covering the Little Ice Age, the Black Death, the Hundred Years' War, and early Church criticisms during the Late Middle Ages.

Little Ice Age

A period of cooler temperatures lasting roughly from 1300-1800 that brought harsh winters, shorter growing seasons, poor harvests, food shortages, and population decline in Europe.

Late Middle Ages Climate-Driven Reforms

Government changes regarding the management of food, land, taxes, and aid for poor people, implemented in response to food shortages and crop failures.

Bubonic Plague (Black Death)

A devastating disease spread to Europe along trade routes and through ships, which spread rapidly due to unhygienic medieval city conditions and rats on ships.

Medieval Disease Treatments

Medical practices that differed completely from modern medicine because medieval people did not understand the true nature of disease.

Religious Impact of the Black Death

A period where trust in the Church weakened, darker and mortality-focused art was inspired, and people wrongly targeted and killed Jewish people in an attempt to solve the crisis.

Socioeconomic Impact of the Black Death

Consequences including job losses, severe poverty, and labor shortages, which increased social tensions as peasants gained power.

Hundred Years' War

A conflict caused by land disputes over territory in France and disagreements over who held the legitimate right to the French throne.

Joan of Arc

A key historical figure who provided religious motivation during the Hundred Years' War and whose death made her a martyr and symbol of French resistance.

Consequences of the Hundred Years' War

Outcomes where France became stronger and more united, England lost most of its French territory, and both nations developed stronger forms of national identity.

Great Schism

A crisis that divided European Christianity when multiple individuals simultaneously claimed to be the legitimate Pope.

Early Church Criticisms

Arguments raised by early reformers criticizing the Church for widespread corruption, a wealthy clergy, and practices like the selling of indulgences.