Respiratory Systems

Three similarities of respiratory surfaces

large surface area, gas permeable, moist

main function of fish gills

gas exchange, O2 moves from water to blood, CO2 moves from blood to water

Function of Gill Arch

Supports the gills

Gill Filaments

long, thin structures that increase surface area

lamellae

tiny structures on the fillaments where gas exchange actually occurs

Capillaries

tiny blood vessels inside the lamellae

operculum

protective covering over the gills

Spiracles

Small openings along an insect’s body that allow air to enter and exit

Tracheae

Air-filled tubes that carry oxygen throughout an insect’s body

Tracheoles

Tiny branches of the tracheae that deliver oxygen directly to cells

tracheal System

A network of tubes that allows insects to breathe without lungs

Air sacs

Enlarged parts of the tracheal system that help store and move air in some insects

Spiricular Valves

Structures that open and close spiracles to control airflow and reduce water loss

Abdominal pumping

movement of the abdomen that helps push air through through the tracheal system

Internal Lungs

Organs inside the body that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood

Ventilation

The movement of air into and out of the lungs (breathing)

Inhalation

Breath air out of the lungs

Oxygen (O2)

A gas that cells use to make energy

Carbon Dioxide

A waste gas produced by cells that is removed when we exhale

Circulatory System

The heart and blood vessels that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body

gas exchange

the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood or between blood and body cells

Capillaries

tiny blood vessels where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with surrounding tissues

nasal cavity

filters, warms, and moistens air entering the body

pharynx

the throat; passageway that carries air towards the larynx

Larynx

the voice box; connects the pharynx to the trachea

trachea

the windpipe; carries air towards the lungs

bronchi ( singular: bronchus)

two main tubes that branch from the trachea into the lungs

bronchioles

smaller air tubes that branch from the bronchi

terminal bronchioles

the smallest coducting airways before the gas-exchange region

alveoli

tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood

lungs

organs responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide

diaphragm

a muscle below the lungs that contracts to help you inhale

pulmonary artery

carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs

pulmonary vein

carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs back to the heart

esophagus

a tube that carries food to the stomach, not air to the lungs

Insects respiratory system:

spiricals, tracheae, tracheoles, cells

Mammals respiratory system:

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

what is gas exchange?

oxygen enters the blood, while carbon dioxide leaves the blood