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Africa's geography
EN: Deserts, savannas, rainforests, rivers, and climate shaped settlement and economies. | JP: 砂漠・サバンナ・熱帯雨林・河川・気候が定住と経済を形作った。
Identify the predicted term: Deserts, savannas, rainforests, rivers, and climate shaped settlement and economies?
Africa's geography | JP: 砂漠・サバンナ・熱帯雨林・河川・気候が定住と経済を形作った。
Sahara Desert
EN: Vast desert that limited settlement but later supported long-distance routes. | JP: 定住を制約した一方、長距離交通路も形成した巨大砂漠。
Identify the predicted term: Vast desert that limited settlement but later supported long-distance routes?
Sahara Desert | JP: 定住を制約した一方、長距離交通路も形成した巨大砂漠。
Sahel
EN: Semiarid belt between the Sahara and wetter savanna regions. | JP: サハラとより湿潤なサバンナの間にある半乾燥地帯。
Identify the predicted term: Semiarid belt between the Sahara and wetter savanna regions?
Sahel | JP: サハラとより湿潤なサバンナの間にある半乾燥地帯。
Savanna
EN: Grassland with scattered trees supporting farming and herding. | JP: 農耕・牧畜を支えた樹木の点在する草原。
Identify the predicted term: Grassland with scattered trees supporting farming and herding?
Savanna | JP: 農耕・牧畜を支えた樹木の点在する草原。
African rainforest
EN: Dense tropical environment that shaped settlement and movement in central Africa. | JP: 中部アフリカの定住・移動に影響した密な熱帯雨林。
Identify the predicted term: Dense tropical environment that shaped settlement and movement in central Africa?
African rainforest | JP: 中部アフリカの定住・移動に影響した密な熱帯雨林。
Independent African agriculture
EN: Some African regions domesticated local crops independently. | JP: アフリカの一部地域では在来作物の栽培化が独自に進んだ。
Identify the predicted term: Some African regions domesticated local crops independently?
Independent African agriculture | JP: アフリカの一部地域では在来作物の栽培化が独自に進んだ。
Sorghum
EN: Important African grain crop suited to many dry environments. | JP: 乾燥環境に適した重要なアフリカ穀物。
Identify the predicted term: Important African grain crop suited to many dry environments?
Sorghum | JP: 乾燥環境に適した重要なアフリカ穀物。
African rice
EN: Crop domesticated in West Africa. | JP: 西アフリカで栽培化された作物。
Identify the predicted term: Crop domesticated in West Africa?
African rice | JP: 西アフリカで栽培化された作物。
Iron smelting in Africa
EN: Iron technology improved farming tools and forest clearing in many regions. | JP: 鉄技術が農具と森林開墾を改善した。
Identify the predicted term: Iron technology improved farming tools and forest clearing in many regions?
Iron smelting in Africa | JP: 鉄技術が農具と森林開墾を改善した。
Bantu migrations
EN: Long expansion of Bantu-speaking peoples spreading languages, farming, and ironworking. | JP: 言語・農耕・鉄器技術を広めたバントゥー系人々の長期移動。
Identify the predicted term: Long expansion of Bantu-speaking peoples spreading languages, farming, and ironworking?
Bantu migrations | JP: 言語・農耕・鉄器技術を広めたバントゥー系人々の長期移動。
Bantu languages
EN: Related languages spread widely across central, eastern, and southern Africa. | JP: 中部・東部・南部アフリカに広く拡大した関連言語群。
Identify the predicted term: Related languages spread widely across central, eastern, and southern Africa?
Bantu languages | JP: 中部・東部・南部アフリカに広く拡大した関連言語群。
Nubia
EN: Nile region south of Egypt with distinct states and strong Egyptian connections. | JP: エジプト南方のナイル地域。独自国家とエジプトとの強い関係を持った。
Identify the predicted term: Nile region south of Egypt with distinct states and strong Egyptian connections?
Nubia | JP: エジプト南方のナイル地域。独自国家とエジプトとの強い関係を持った。
Kingdom of Kush
EN: Powerful Nubian kingdom south of Egypt. | JP: エジプト南方に栄えた強力なヌビア王国。
Identify the predicted term: Powerful Nubian kingdom south of Egypt?
Kingdom of Kush | JP: エジプト南方に栄えた強力なヌビア王国。
Kush and Egypt
EN: Kush adopted Egyptian influences while also ruling Egypt at times. | JP: クシュはエジプト文化の影響を受けつつ、一時はエジプトを支配した。
Identify the predicted term: Kush adopted Egyptian influences while also ruling Egypt at times?
Kush and Egypt | JP: クシュはエジプト文化の影響を受けつつ、一時はエジプトを支配した。
Napata
EN: Early political and religious center of the Kingdom of Kush. | JP: クシュ王国初期の政治・宗教中心地。
Identify the predicted term: Early political and religious center of the Kingdom of Kush?
Napata | JP: クシュ王国初期の政治・宗教中心地。
Meroe
EN: Kushite capital and trade center known for iron production. | JP: 鉄生産と交易で知られるクシュ王国の中心地。
Identify the predicted term: Kushite capital and trade center known for iron production?
Meroe | JP: 鉄生産と交易で知られるクシュ王国の中心地。
Meroitic ironworking
EN: Meroe became known for high-quality iron tools and production. | JP: メロエは高品質な鉄製品の生産で知られた。
Identify the predicted term: Meroe became known for high-quality iron tools and production?
Meroitic ironworking | JP: メロエは高品質な鉄製品の生産で知られた。
Meroitic trade
EN: Meroe traded iron, wood, elephants, ivory, and luxury goods with wider regions. | JP: 鉄・木材・象・象牙・高級品などを広域交易した。
Identify the predicted term: Meroe traded iron, wood, elephants, ivory, and luxury goods with wider regions?
Meroitic trade | JP: 鉄・木材・象・象牙・高級品などを広域交易した。
Meroitic writing
EN: Script developed from Egyptian influence but became distinctively Kushite. | JP: エジプトの影響から発達し、独自のクシュ文字となった。
Identify the predicted term: Script developed from Egyptian influence but became distinctively Kushite?
Meroitic writing | JP: エジプトの影響から発達し、独自のクシュ文字となった。
Kentake
EN: Powerful Kushite title often translated as queen mother. | JP: 「王母」と訳されることが多いクシュの有力な女性称号。
Identify the predicted term: Powerful Kushite title often translated as queen mother?
Kentake | JP: 「王母」と訳されることが多いクシュの有力な女性称号。
Berbers / Amazigh
EN: Indigenous peoples of North Africa known historically by several names. | JP: 北アフリカ先住民。歴史的にはベルベル人とも呼ばれる。
Identify the predicted term: Indigenous peoples of North Africa known historically by several names?
Berbers / Amazigh | JP: 北アフリカ先住民。歴史的にはベルベル人とも呼ばれる。
Maghreb
EN: Western North Africa including areas of modern Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. | JP: 現代のモロッコ・アルジェリア・チュニジア・リビア周辺の北西アフリカ。
Identify the predicted term: Western North Africa including areas of modern Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya?
Maghreb | JP: 現代のモロッコ・アルジェリア・チュニジア・リビア周辺の北西アフリカ。
Carthage in North Africa
EN: Phoenician-founded city that became a major Mediterranean commercial power. | JP: フェニキア人が建設し地中海交易大国となった北アフリカ都市。
Identify the predicted term: Phoenician-founded city that became a major Mediterranean commercial power?
Carthage in North Africa | JP: フェニキア人が建設し地中海交易大国となった北アフリカ都市。
Trans-Saharan connections
EN: Routes across the Sahara linked North Africa with regions farther south. | JP: サハラ横断路が北アフリカと南方地域を結んだ。
Identify the predicted term: Routes across the Sahara linked North Africa with regions farther south?
Trans-Saharan connections | JP: サハラ横断路が北アフリカと南方地域を結んだ。
Why was geography crucial in ancient Africa?
EN: Water, rainfall, soils, vegetation, and climate determined settlement and livelihoods. | JP: 水・降雨・土壌・植生・気候が定住と生業を左右したため。
Which predicted-topic question does this answer? Water, rainfall, soils, vegetation, and climate determined settlement and livelihoods?
Why was geography crucial in ancient Africa? | JP: 水・降雨・土壌・植生・気候が定住と生業を左右したため。