GROUP IV A CARBON GROUP OR CRYSTALLOGENS

- Livy

Carbon

a nonmetal that is essential to life on earth

Silicon & Germanium

these are metalloids used in computer chips

Tin

this is useful because it is not very reactive

Carbon

used as a reducing agent in the preparation of many

metals

Carbon

this is relatively inert at room temp. but combines with O2 and X2 and with other non-metals

Ge and Sn

these are active metals, they displace H from acids and combines with most metals

amphoteric

Oxides and hydroxides of Sn and Pb are __________

Carbon

Found in pure state in the form of diamond, graphite, and coal

Carbon

Produced in various forms such as coke, lampblack, or charcoal

CO2

it is a compound of carbon; it is a component of carbonated drinks, respiratory stimulant in treatment of CO, alcohol, and morphine poisoning

Carbonates of Ca, Mg and Al

it is a compound of carbon; it is used as a gastric antacid

CO

it is a compound of carbon; it has a toxic poison due to its interaction w/ hemoglobin

CS2

it is a compound of carbon; it is used as solvent

CCl4

it is a compound of carbon; it is used as a solvent & fire extinguisher

(CN)2 (Cyanogen)

it is a compound of carbon; it is extremely poisonous gas w/ a pungent odor

Bismuth sub carbonate

it is a compound of carbon, and it is used as an astringent and protective

(NH4)2CO3

it is a compound of carbon; it is used as a reflex stimulant & expectorant

Acetate ion (CH3COO-)

an identification test of carbon where acids will evolve acetic acid (vinegar-like odor) w/c when heated with alcohol forms a fruity odor of ethyl acetate

Cyanate

an identification test of carbon; Cobalt acetate + acetic acid → azure blue crystals

Carbonates & bicarbonates

an identification test of carbon where acids will evolve CO2 by effervescence (bubbling of gas through the liquid)

Silicon

2nd most abundant element

Silicon

it is an element that forms inert oxide (silica) w/c causes silicosis

Bentonite

an agent compound of silicon, known as soap clay, mineral soap, or native colloidal hydrated aluminum silicate

Kaolin

an agent compound of silicon, known as Native hydrated aluminum silicate; it is used as an adsorptive for diarrhea & dusting powder

Potassium aluminum silicate (Feldspar)

an agent compound of silicon; it is a raw material for glassmaking & ceramics

Talc

an agent compound of silicon, known as Hydrated Magnesium silicate, soapstone; it is used as a dusting agent and filtering agent

Attapulgite

an agent compound of silicon, known as Hydrated Magnesium Aluminum silicate, Polymagma, Diatabs, Quintess; it absorbs water, toxins, and bacteria, contributes to firmer stools, and reduces fluid loss in diarrhea

Hydrolyzed orthosilicate

an abrasive compound of silicon, known as Silica gel

Natural Calamine

an abrasive compound of silicon, known as Hydrated zinc silicate

Silicic Acid

an abrasive compound of silicon; it is used in ceramic industry in the manufacture of bricks, tile, pottery, used in glass manufacture

Soda-lime of soft glass

an abrasive compound of silicon; it is made by fusing CaCO3, Na2CO3 and SiO2

Pyrex glass

an abrasive compound of silicon; it consists of: 80% SiO2, 2% Al2O3 and 13% B2O3

Hard or Potash Glass

an abrasive compound of silicon; it consists of: 80% SiO2, 0.6% Na2O, 0.7% CaO, 12% K2O

Simethicone (polymeric dimethylsiloxane)

an abrasive compound of silicon; it is used as an antifoaming agent & antiflatulent

Powler

Pb and Sn (20:80)

Gunmetal

Cu and Sn (90:10)

Solder

Pb and Sn ( 50:50)

stannic oxide

germicidal & anticariogenic agent

Stannous fluoride

dental prophylactic and germicide against Staphylococcal infections

Sulfide test (H2S)

Identification test of Sn2+ — yellow ppt. of SnS2

Lead

this element increases the refractive index of glass

Plumbism

If lead is absorbed readily in the intestinal tract and through broken skin, and deposited in bones, it can cause _________.

Galena (PbS), Cerussite (PbCO3), Anglesite (PbSO4)

Sources of Lead

Pb acetate (Sugar of Pb)

it is a compound of lead; it is used as an astringent & ingredient of lead subacetate solution

Pb subacetate solution (Goulard’s extract)

it is a compound of lead; it is used as an astringent & antiseptic

PbO (Litharge)

it is a compound of lead; it is used in the preparation of lead subacetate solution

Pb3O4 (Minium)

it is a compound of lead; it is a bright orange-red paint pigment

PbCl2

astringent and dusting powder

Chromate test (K2CrO4)

it is a identification Test (Pb2+); a yellow ppt. of PbCrO4

Chloride test (HCl)

it is a identification Test (Pb2+); a white ppt. of PbCl2 w/c is soluble in boiling water

Titanium

this element is also known “Titan” or “Sons of the Earth”

Titanium

this element is a powerful reducing agent

Titanium dioxide

opacifying agent & UV ray protectant

Zirconium

this element is connected to Jargon, Hyacinth, Jacinth, Liguria

Zirconium

this element is similar with Aluminum but banned due to granuloma formation

Zirconium

this element’s former official compounds are the oxide & carbonate, w/c were both used as antiperspirant