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72 Terms
Learning
A permanent change, often of behaviour, that occurs as a result of experience
Observational Learning/Bandura’s Social Learning Theory
Occurs through observing the actions and consequences of others’ behaviour and determining whether to imitate them or not
Sensation
The detection and processing of stimuli from the external environment by sense receptors
Perception
The process of organising and interpreting sensory stimuli into a meaningful form in the brain
Motivation
The conscious or unconscious drive leading the behaviours that individuals initiate, direct and maintain.
Self Determination Theory
People are motivated to learn, grow and change their lives, if their three basic psychological needs for motivation are satisfied.
Who made the self-determination theory?
Deci and Ryan
What year was the self-determination theory made?
1985
What theory did Deci and Ryan create?
Self-Determination Theory
Who made the Six Factor Model of Wellbeing?
Carol Ryff
What year was the six factor model of wellbeing made?
1989
What theory did Carol Ryff create?
Six Factor Model of Wellbeing
What are the six factors of wellbeing according to Ryff?
Autonomy, Positive Relations with Others, Purpose in Life, Self-acceptance, Environmental Mastery, Personal Growth
Who made the hierarchy of needs?
Abraham Maslow
What year was the hierarchy of needs made originally?
1954
What year was the hierarchy of needs expanded?
1970
What theory did Maslow create?
Hierarchy of Needs
According to Deci and Ryan, what is OIT?
Organismic Integration Theory, external motivation
What are the four levels of OIT?
External Regulation, Introjection, Identification, Integration
According to Deci and Ryan, what is CET?
Cognitive Evaluation Theory, used to predict whether an external event will affect an individual’s intrinsic motivation
Stress, according to Selye 1936
The non-specific response of the body to any demand for change
Who came up with the GAS model?
Hans Selye
What year was the GAS model made?
1983
What does HPA Axis stand for?
Hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal cortical system
What does SA system stand for?
Sympathetic-adrenal medullary system
Who made the SRRS?
Holmes and Rahe
What year was the SRRS made?
1967
What theory did Holmes and Rahe create?
Social Readjustment Rating Scale
Who created the transactional theory of stress and coping?
Lazarus and Folkman
What year was the transactional theory of stress and coping created?
1984
What theory did Lazarus and Folkman create?
Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping
Sleep
A naturally occurring altered state of consciousness governed by circadian rhythms during which awareness of ourselves and the environment is suspended
Who created the multi-store model of memory?
Atkinson and Shiffrin
What year was the multi-store model of memory created?
1968
What theory did Atkinson and Shiffrin create?
Multi-store model of memory
Who created the working memory model?
Baddeley and Hitch
What year was the working memory model created?
1974
What theory did Baddeley and Hitch create?
Working memory model
Who created the levels of processing model of memory?
Craik and Lockhart
What year was the levels of processing model of memory created?
1972
What theory did Craik and Lockhart create?
Levels of processing model of memory
What year was Cherry’s cocktail party effect?
1953
Who created the law of effect?
Thorndike
What year was the law of effect created?
1898
Who created the depth of processing and retention of words in episodic memory?
Craik and Tulving
What year was the depth of processing and retention of words in episodic memory created?
1975
What theory did Craik and Tulving create?
Depth of processing and retention of words in episodic memory
Who conducted the Little Albert experiment?
Watson and Rayner
What year was the Little Albert experiment?
1920
What year was the Skinner Box made?
1948
Who conducted the Bobo doll experiment?
Bandura, Ross and Ross
What year was the Bobo doll experiment?
1961
Who created the social learning theory?
Bandura
What year was the social learning theory created?
1977
Who made the subjective wellbeing theory?
Diener
What year was the subjective wellbeing theory created?
1984
What theory did Diener create?
Subjective Wellbeing Theory
Subjective Wellbeing
A person’s cognitive and affective evaluations of one’s life
What are the four changes that accompany sleep?
Sleep electroencephalogram readings, muscle tension, eye movements, physiological changes
What are the four ways the sleep-wake cycle is regulated?
Circadian rhythm, body temperature, metabolic rate, melatonin and cortisol
What are the four requirements for a perfect sleep environment?
Cooler temperatures, lack of light source, lack of noise, comfortable bed
How was sleep important for restoration purposes?
Homeostasis is disrupted when the body is awake, sleep acts to restore it by providing an opportunity for the body to replenish energy used during the day, repair cells and detox
How was sleep important for evolutionary purposes?
Humans evolved to sleep at night to enhance survival by conserving energy, reducing chances of injuries in the dark, avoiding predators
What theory are OIT and CET part of?
Self-determination theory
How many life events are in the SRRS?
43
How many participants rated the life events of SRRS?
394
What’s the law of effect?
Time taken for cats to escape from a puzzle box to reach food. How quick they learn, repeating the same puzzle box.
What are some qualities of a person who has achieved self-actualisation?
Prefer intrinsic satisfaction, seek the truth, receive fulfilment from helping others, encourage talent in others
What are the 4 types of forgetting?
Retrieval failure, interference, motivated forgetting, decay theory
What are the 3 types of remembering?
Recall, Recognition, Re-learning
What are the 2 types of shallow processing?
Structural, Phonemic
What are the 2 types of deep processing?
Elaborative, Semantic