Protein Synthesis Exam #2

Protein Synthesis

Is the process used to make protein from genetic instructions stored in DNA

Transcription

The process of making DNA into mRNA; DNA to RNA

Translation

The process of using mRNA instructions to build a protein; RNA to protein

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Is the flow of genetic information

DNA

Stores the instructions

RNA

mRNA carries a copy of the instructions

Protein

A ribosome reads the mRNA to build a protein

Nucleotide

Is the basic building block of DNA and RNA

Phosphate Group

Connects nucleotides together in the backbone

Five Carbon Sugar

Deoxyribose in DNA; ribose in RNA

Nitrogenous Base

Carries the genetic code

The bases from DNA are…

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine

The bases from RNA are…

Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, and Guanine

What does DNA stand for

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Double Helix

The twisted-ladder shape

Sugar-phosphate backbone

The two outside sides of the ladder

Nitrogenous Bases

The rungs connecting the two sides

DNA base Pairs

A pairs with T

C pairs with G

Hydrogen Bonds

Hold complementary bases together

DNA characteristics

Usually double stranded

RNA stands for

Ribonucleic acid

RNA bases are

A pairs with U

C pairs with G

RNA characteristics

Usually, single-stranded

Where does transcription take place

In eukaryotic cells, specifically in the nucleus

If the DNA template is TAC GGA CTT; What is the mRNA Made

AUG CCU GAA

Ribosomes

Are in the cytoplasm or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum or Rough ER

Transcription happens where

In the Nucleus

Translation happens where?

At the Ribosomes

Codon

A group of three nucleotides on mRNA that specifies an amino acid or a stop signal. Example: AUG

Anticodon

Is a group of three nucleotides or tRNA that pairs with a complementary mRNA codon. EXAMPLE: UAC pairs with AUG

Codon pt2

Specifies an amino acid or stop

Anticodon

Matches the mRNA codon