SABS exam 2

what does the telencephalon become

cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampus, olfactory bulb and basal forebrain

what ventricular space does telencephalon become

lateral ventricles

What does the diencephalon become?

dorsal thalamus and hypothalamus

what ventricular space does diencephalon become

third ventricle

what does mesencephalon become

midbrain

what ventricular space does mesencephalon become

cerebral aqueduct

what does metencephalon become

cerebellum and pons

what ventricular space does metencephalon become

fourth ventricle

what does myencephalon become

medulla oblangata

what ventricular space does myelencephalon become

fourth ventricle

what ventricular space does spinal cord become

central canal

where is the motor cortex located and what is its function

frontal lobe, voluntary movement

where is the premotor cortex located and what is its function

frontal lobe, coordination of complex movements

supplementary motor cortex

frontal lobe, programming of complex movements

prefrontal cortex

frontal lobe, planning for voluntary activity, decision making, personality traits

Broca's area

frontal lobe, speech formation

somatosensory cortex

parietal lobe, touch and body sensation

posterior parietal cortex

parietal lobe, higher order sensory motor integration and movement planning

auditory cortex

temporal lobe, cortical auditory processing

auditory association cortex

temporal lobe, complex auditory processing

wernicke's area

temporal lobe, language comprehension

hippocampus located

temporal lobe, vital substrate for memory

amygdala

temporal lobe, vital substrate for emotions

what is function of insular cortex

diverse function including consciousness, emotion, homeostasis, perception, motor control

primary visual cortex

occipital lobe, area 17, visual processing, V1 and striate cortex, visual myelinated axons

visual association cortex

occipital lobe, complex visual processing

what is central canal

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) filled space running down the center of the spinal cord

what is cervical enlargement

upper limb attachment

what is lumbar enlargment

lower limb attachment

What is the conus medullaris?

conical lower end of the spinal cord (inferior to L1). Shortly after conus medullaris the spinal cord terminates.

what is filum terminaele

terminal thread of fibrous tissue extending to the tip and providing longitudinal support. At the inferior tip, the filum terminale blends with dura and becomes the Coccygeal Ligament.

what is cauda equina

"horse's tail" of spinal roots & nerves (L2-S5) after the terminus of the spinal cord.

what is difference btwn gray and white matter in CNS

Gray matter => cell bodies. White matter => myelinated &

unmyelinated axons organized into tracts and columns.

excitatory

how does ACh act on nicotinic recpetors

excitatory or inhibitory

how does ACh act on muscarinic receptors

choline acetyltransferase

what enzyme is ACh synthesized by

acetylcholinesterase

what enzme is ACh degraded by

norepi

limbic system, feel good

dopamine

substantia nigra, feel good, deficient in parkinsons

serotonin

drugs that block uptake relieve anxiety and depression, activity blocked by LSD

histamine

wakefulness, mediates inflammation and vasodilation

glutamate

major excitatory NT, stroke neurotransmitter, excitotoxcicity

GABA

principal inhibitory NT in CNS, augmented by alcohol

endorphins

natural opiates, inhibit substance P, mimicked by heroin, morphine and meth

substance P

mediates pain transmission in PNS

adenosine

inhibitory, caffeine

cerebral cortex

conscious processing and higher functions

corpus callosum

communication btwn cerebral hemisphers

thalamus

major sensory relay

hypothalamus

homeostasis and endocrine regulation

sup colliculi

visual reflexes and orienting movements

inf colliculi

auditory processing and reflexes

pons

connections and multiple autonomic functions

medulla oblangata

cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor

cerebellum

coordination, posture and balance

spinal cord

brain body communication and reflexes

what are the five mechanoreceptors of skin

krause bulb, ruffini endings, merkel discs, pacinian corpsucle, meissner’ corpuscle

what is receptive field and adaptation of ruffini endings

large and slow

what is receptive field and adaptation of merkel discs

small and slow

what is receptive field and adaptation of pacinian corpsucle

large and rapid

what is receptive field and adaptation of meissners corpuscle

small and rapid