Lab #3 - Blood Pressure

Hypertension

Elevated blood pressure

Hypotension

Low blood pressure

Blood Pressure

Force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels

What is the formula for blood pressure?

Blood Pressure = Cardiac Output x Peripheral Resistance

Systolic Pressure

Ventricular contraction

Diastolic Pressure

Ventricular relaxation

“Normal” Blood Pressure

120/80 mm Hg

Sphygmomanometer

Blood pressure cuff

Systolic position

Top number

Diastolic position

Bottom number

“Elevated” Blood Pressure

120-129/<80

Stage 1 Hypertension

130-139/80-89

Stage 2 Hypertension

>140/≥90

Severe Hypertension

>180/>120 + No symptoms

Hypertensive Emergency

>180/>120 + Symptoms

Consequences of high blood pressure

Stroke, Heart Failure, Erectile Dysfunction, Vision Loss, Heart Attack, Kidney Disease/Failure

Lub

Closing of AV valves

Dup

Closing of semilunar valves

What is heard when a stethoscope is placed at #1?

Sounds of the aortic semilunar valve.

What is heard when a stethoscope is placed at #2?

Sounds of the pulmonary semilunar valve.

What is heard when a stethoscope is placed at #3?

Sounds of the tricuspid valve.

What is heard when a stethoscope is placed at #4?

Sounds of the mitral valve.

What is #1 in this image?

Mid-Late Diastole

What is #1a in this image?

Ventricular Filling

What is #1b in this image?

Atrial Contraction

What is #2 in this image?

Ventricular Systole (Atria in Diastole)

What is #2a in this image?

Isovolumetric contraction phase

What is #2b in this image?

Ventricular ejection phase

What is #3 in this image?

Early Diastole

What is #3a in this image?

Isovolumetric relaxation

What is #3b in this image?

Ventricular filling

Aortic Stenosis

Restricts the blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta and may also affect the pressure in the left atrium. The disease forces the heart to work harder to push blood through the aortic valve to your body.

Valvular Regurgitation

Blood within the heart leaks in the wrong direction.

Pulse Point

Area on the body where an artery is close to the skin, making it possible to feel the blood pulsing from the heart.

Normal Pulse

60-100 bpm

Blood pressure _____ as blood flows through the arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, and returns to the atria.

falls

Blood flows from ______ to ______ pressure

higher; lower

The contracting ventricles generate a slightly _____ pressure than in the arteries.

higher

Sounds of Korotkoff

The sounds generated by turbulent blood flow that we observe while measuring blood pressure with a sphygmomanometer.

Major causes of atherosclerosis

Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension, Diabetes, Turbulent Blood Flow

Atherosclerosis

Thickening or hardening of the arteries

Fatty Streak (Atherosclerosis)

• Yellow, Foam Cells

• Infants, Adolecents, Adults

Fibrous Plaque (Atherosclerosis)

• White, Fibrous cap of smooth muscle cells, Lipid laden macrophages and SMC, Cholesterol esters and crystals

• Adolescents, Adults