ap world unit 2 study guide

what type of goods were being traded at this time and why was it these type of goods?

luxury goods: silk, textiles, spices, porcelain. Because only light-high value items were worth the tedious endeavor.

what technology developed to help trade grow? HOW

camels helped with long distance traveling,

saddles helped with carrying more goods,

caravanserai helped with giving travelers a place to rest away from bandits,

paper money helped with easier traveling with currency

what are diasporic communities and what examples of them are in this unit?

communities of merchants who permanently settle in a foreign trading hubs, introducing their own culture and influencing local economies. EX: Jewish communities in the Mediterranean and Muslim traders in Southeast Asia. (they keep their identity)

what was the bubonic plague?

bacterial disease and afro-eurasia

how did the bubonic plague spread

The bubonic plague spread through trade routes, particularly via fleas on rats, and was facilitated by the movement of people and goods across Asia and Europe.

what was the outcome of the bubonic plague in Europe (not just death)?

The outcome of the bubonic plague in Europe included a significant reduction in population, leading to labor shortages, which in turn caused economic shifts such as increased wages and changes in social structure, as well as a questioning of traditional authority and practices.

what dynasty did the Ming Dynasty take over from?

The Ming Dynasty took over from the Yuan Dynasty, which was established by the Mongols.

who did the yuan dynasty conquer to become the yuan dynasty

The Yuan Dynasty conquered the Song Dynasty, effectively ending centuries of Chinese rule by the Song and establishing Mongol dominance in China.

who founded the yuan dynasty and why did they want it so badly?

The Yuan Dynasty was founded by Kublai Khan, who aimed to expand Mongol dominance and unify China under Mongol rule, believing that control over China would enhance the prestige and resources of the Mongol Empire. (Genghis khan grandson)

what was mongol culture like and what did they have to do to make up for their culture?

Mongol culture was largely nomadic, characterized by a rich oral tradition, unique religious beliefs, and a strong emphasis on horsemanship. To adapt to the regions they conquered, they adopted elements from the cultures they interacted with, such as Chinese administrative practices and Persian art.

who did the mongols take from

the peoples they conquered to serve in their armies and administrations. (song dynasty, Marco polo, uyghur script)

what part did mali play in the sub-saharan trade

Mali played a crucial role in the Sub-Saharan trade by serving as a midpoint for trans-Saharan trade routes, facilitating the exchange of gold, salt, and other goods between West Africa and North Africa. Its wealth, particularly during the reign of Mansa Musa, made it a center for commerce and culture. Fostered Islamic urban centers

what did mali trade primarily a long the sub-saharan trade route?

Mali primarily traded gold, salt, and ivory enslaved people along the Sub-Saharan trade route, which were vital resources that facilitated economic exchange between West Africa and North Africa.

ibn battuta

morrocan Islamic scholar; traveled 75,000 miles

africa→middle east→india→southeast asia→china

marco polo

venian merchant; traveled for trade, diplomatic missions

Venice, italy→across the silk road

margery kempe

english Christian mystic; traveled for religious piety, went to sacred places to deepen relationship with God.

england→jerusalem→rome→germany→spain

what environmental factors did they need to know in order to trade in the Indian ocean trade?

predictable patterns of the monsoon winds to time their voyages

how did commerce develop due to the increased trade?

through the rise of wealthy trading city-states, establishment of dispora communities, structed trade networks, and innovations in banking and credit.

flying cash

a paper currency that facilitated trade and provided a means to transfer money over long distances in the Tang and Song dynasties.

diaspora

the scattering of a group of people from their og Homeland into new regions, while keeping their og identity instead of blending in.

dhow

traditional Arab sailing vessel equipped with distinctive lateen (triangular) sails→mastery of monsoon winds→trade booms→cultural diffusion

pilgrimage

religious journey to a sacred place→mansa musa→margery kempe

pastoral

way of like where societies rely on the herding of animals for sustenance and livelihood.

khanate

region ruled by a khan (mongol/Turkic leader)

yuan dynasty/ilkhanate/golden horde/chagati khanate

siege

military strat where army surrounds city, blocks all food, water, supplies and/or waits and attack until the defenders are forced to surrender

diffusion

the spread of ideas, religions, technologies, culture, goods from their place of og→other parts of the world.

syncretism

the blending of two/more different cultures/religions/philosophies to create something new and unique

caravanersai

inns found in trade routes (silk roads/tran-saharan networks) where traveling merchants could sleep, eat, store goods.

fostered defense/cultural exchange/state-supported infastructure