autopsy / biopsy

after death

what does “post mortem” means

external ecxamination

examination of the body without incision, fluids can be collected with the help of the needle

blood, bile, urine

fluids that can be collected with the help of needle

self examination

autopsy came the word:
auto:
opsis:

autopsy

a systematic examination of a body after death, usually involving external and internal examination to determine the cause and manner of death and to identify diseases or injuries.

I shaped skin incision
Y shaped skin incision
modified y shaped skin incision

different types of skin incisions.

I shaped skin incision

-the type of skin incision that starts from the chin down to the pubic area

-the most common method

yy shaped incision

-type of skin incision that extends below the breast part and down to pubic part

-desirible for female

-desirible for cases viewing

modified y shaped incision

-the cut extends over the nect and behind the ears

post-mortem

determines more broader, the causes of disease such as diseases and as well as the changes produced after death

causes of death
natural / unnatural
suicidal, accidental or homicidal
identify the body
time passed away

give the objectives of autopsy

written order by the police
daytime
hospital
opening three great cavities

what are the rules of post-mortem

abdominal, cranial, thoracic

what are the three great cavities opened during post mortem.

name
identification
external examination
internal examination
samples collected for analysis

contents of post mortem report

race,sex,age
teeth
tattoo
finger print

external examination for unknown body

rectal temperature
hypostasis
rigor mortis
stage of putrefaction
ova of flies

to ascertain time passed since death

cranial
thoracic
cervical
abdominal

give the order of virchow method for examination

the lost of conitinuity of the organ framework

what is the clinical disadvantage of virchow method

maurice letulle

who advocated for letulle method

letulle methode

what method of autopsy where the organ is removed as whole or single block and then dissected of the body

virchow method

what method where the body is dissected orderly from cranial, thoracic, cavity, pelvic, abdominal

cranial, thoracic, cavity, cervical, abdominal

give the orderly methodology of Virchow method

cumbersome mechanics:heavy, unwieldy, hard to maneuver

clinical disadvantage of lutelle method:

modified letulle technique

this is a technique that differse from letulle and virchow where the ehart and bowel is separated

anton ghon

who advocated for the ghon method:en bloc segragetion

ghon method:en bloc segregation

this method of autopsy is removed by the functionally distinct

hard study the disease if it affected multple organs

what is the disadcabtage of ghon method

carl rokitansky

who advocated for rokitansky method: In Situ Dissection

Rokitansky method: in situ dissection

-this method is highly appropriate for children/pediatric patient
- suggested for highly infected bodies

the key function of this method is that the dissection is combined with stricly limited block removal only

MEDICAL/ACADEMIC AUTOPSY

TYPE OF AUTOPSY CARRIED OUT ON A PATIENT WHO DIES IN HOSPITAL DURING COURSE OF TREATMENT

PERFORMED BY THE PATHOLOGIST WITH THE CONSENT OF RELATIVES

ANATOMICAL AUTOPSYS

THIS TYPE OF AUTOPSY IS IS PERFORMED FOR STUDY MOSTLY UNCLAIMED BODIES.

THE SUTDENT AND THE ANATOMIST PERFORM THIS

PSYCHOLOGICAL AUTOPSY

THIS AUTOPSY IS PERFORMED TO IDENTIFY THE MENTAL STATE WHICH UNDERTAKEN ALLEGED SUICIDE AT THE TIME OF DEATH

VIRTUAL AUTOPSY

EXAMINATION OF BODY WITHOUT COMPROMISING THE INTEGRITY OF THE BODY THROUGH RADIOLOGICAL, X-RAY, ULTRA SOUND AND CT SCAN

MEDICO-LEGAL AUTOPSY

TYPE OF AUTOPSY TO ERSTABLISH FOUL PLAY IN DEATH INVOLVING THE VICTIM

CORPUS DELICTI

DOCUMENT WHERE THE BODY WILL EB GIVEN PROOF OD DEATH WAS CAUSED BY CRIMINAL ACTIVITY

It refers to the facts or evidence that prove a crime actually occurred, not necessarily the physical body of a victim.

PALLOR MORTIS

STAGE OF DEATH WHERE IT HAPPENED 15MINUTES TO 1HOUR. THE SYMTOMS OF PALENESS OF THE BODY AND COLLAPSED OF CAPPILARIES

ALGOR MORTIS

STAGE OF DEATH WHERE THE BODY COOLING OCCURS

RIGOR MORTIS

STAGE OF DEATH WHERE THE STIFFNESS OF BODY HAPPENS DUE TI CONTRACTION OF MUSCLE (DEATH STIFFING / CADAVER RIGIDITY)

EYELIDS

WHAT PARTS OF THE BODY THAT FIRST TO STIFFENS

LIVOR MORTIS

the purplish-red discoloration of the skin after death caused by blood settling in the lower parts of the body due to gravity.

POST MORTEM DECOMPOSITION (PUTREFACTION)

STAGE OF DEATH WHERE THE BODY DECOMPISITION HAPPENS UP UNTIL THE BONES. GREENISH DISCOLERATION OF THE STOMACH DISCOLERATION. TAKES 5-10 DAYS AFTER DEATH (LIQUIFIED BODYS)

ADIPOCERE
MUMMIFICATION
MACERATION

WHAT ARE THE THREE STAGES OF POST MORTEM DECOMPOSTITION

ADIPOCERE

TYPES OF POST MORTEM DECOMPOSTION FAT MOLDY LAYER OF THE BODY THAT TAKES 2WEEKS-2MONTHS WITH PUTRI SMELLY LAYER

MUMMIFICATION

TYPE OF POST MORTEM DECOMPOSITON TOOK 3MONTHS TO YEAR WHERE THE BODY IS DRIED IN HEAT WHIC PRESERVES THE BODY FEATURE

MACERATION

TYPE OF POST MORTEM DECOMPOSITON WHERE PROTEIN OF THE BODY CELLS BREAKDOWN AND CONSUMED BY BACTERIA IN ANAEROBIC CONDITION.

formalin

direct handling of the tissue may lead to crush injury leading to cellular alteration. what is the ebst way to acvoid this?

10%

what percentage of formalin is required

SURGERY
AUTOPY
CYTOLOGY
BIOPSY

what does these indicated in tissue ahndling
S
A
C
B